The Importance of Geography to Chinese History - 1249 Words

For thousands of years, Chinese culture thrived and grew to become it’s own superpower, and for many years this was unknown to the rest of the world. Great geographic influences included the treacherous mountain ranges, such as the Himalayas, and the prosperous river valleys, such as the Yangtze and the Huang he. Lack of cultural diffusion is primarily due to the fact that China, for hundreds of years, had little to no outside contact or cultural diffusion with other civilizations of that time. The culprit behind this lack of interaction is primarily China’s many mountain ranges. These massive mountains, such as the Himalayas, provided for a dangerous and unkind terrain, and therefore trade and most contact with others was inhibited (â€Å"Himalayas†). Despite the lack of outside influence, China and it’s people were actually quite prosperous. One aid in their economic prosperity was their agricultural produce and domestic trade. China’s agricultura l society was actually a thriving one mainly due to their fertile land, which is do to their river valleys. These rivers, such as the Yangtze and the Huang he rivers, deposited silt known as loess, onto the soil that was full of nutrients, and the land then became fertile (Perkins 4). These rivers not only expanded upon the agricultural output, but they also created an easy route for transportation and trade throughout the empire (â€Å"Yangtze River†). These simple aspects of the Chinese culture in retrospect, played some of the mostShow MoreRelatedThe Functions of Geography Throughout the Time Periods of History1325 Words   |  6 PagesGeography is the one discipline that throughout history has served many functions. Function like where to get resources, take a trip., find new places and function its served during different eras throughout history Furthermore three of geography most important function thought out history is the purposes it served during the eras of Roman , Greek, Chinese, Islamic and early modern Europe. The important purposes of geography through these ages and the benefit geography got from European ImperialismRead MoreRelationhship between China and Taiwan in Emma Tungs Book, Taiwan’s Imagined Geography1497 Words   |  6 PagesIn her book Taiwan’s Imagined Geography Emma Tung presents the history of the relationship between China and Taiwan beginning in 1683 and ending in 1895. In this work she presents and defends the crucial role of travel writing in the Qing Empire moving past seeing Taiwan as a â€Å"ball of mud† without worth to incorporating the island into the Chinese empire. The majority of the book is a summarization of the history of Taiwan after it was conquered by China, as well as the way in which travel writingRead MoreGeography : History And Geography1325 Words   |  6 Pagesthat has shaped societies and cultures; war is greatly influenced by geography. History and geography are both impor tant when considering wars; history tells what events took place, but geography tells us the why, where, and how. One can study geography’s effects on war through geography’s subtopics: physical, human, economic, and political geographies. For example, war strategies and methods are geography based. Physical geography studies the terrain and landforms in the war-ridden area; these canRead MoreCultural Analysis : Regional Cuisine1342 Words   |  6 Pages Unit No. 22034 CONTENTS PART ONE INRODUCTION HISTORY GEOGRAPHY RESOURCES CHANGE AGENTS CULTURE INNOVATION INTRODUCTION Hey my name is Navjot and I am from India. China and India are neighborhood countries. Because of biggest population demand of food in china is lot more than other countries. Many of foods are from their own countries but sometimes they need to import from other countries. Also Chinese cuisines are very famous all around the world and some of themRead MoreHigh School Educational System in Contrast Between Canada and China766 Words   |  4 Pagesand civilized society, education becomes a greater priority. In separate countries, there are distinct differences in the systems and methods by which education is practiced. The Canadian secondary school educational system is different from the Chinese education system in four main areas: the subjects offered for study, requirements for graduation, the authority of the teachers and the physical aspects of the institutions. The first obvious difference in the education system between CanadaRead MoreChinese Culture And Hyper Sensitivity For Chinese American After 1960s1442 Words   |  6 Pages The outstanding achievement of Chinese American contributed by both cultural and structural factors that Chinese immigrants encounter before and after the immigration to America. This essay will first examine importance of the interaction of Chinese culture and hyper-selectivity in constructing a new identity for Chinese American after 1960s. Second, argued that why Chinese American being the â€Å"model minority† is a myth. And lastly, discuss the intention behind the model minority myth and the negativeRead MoreImpact of Cross-Cultural Differences on Different Perceptions of Happiness1358 Words   |  5 PagesIn The Geography of Bliss, Eric Weiner presents cross-cultural differences (and similarities) in perceptions and experiences of happiness. A careful analysis of Weiners findings, which are rooted in research, shows that there are universal patterns and trends beyond individual and cultural differences. Happiness entails understanding the curious combination of internal and external factors; environmental triggers and the human psychological response to those triggers. Buddhist societies like thoseRead MoreA Term Debate Over The World Essay1105 Words   |  5 Pagesword into the forefront. With the era of established geopolitics, the ideas are more towards dominance, and space. While at the same time both state and individuals are pursuing collective interests. This came out as a long-term debate over the importance of land and sea power. The offshore interests lead to a development of military technology, intercontinental missiles, submarines, and the like. Things like this would help push the U.S.A. into a â€Å"world police† status as the world moved into WWIIRead MoreThe Art of War Analysis1106 Words   |  5 PagesThe Art of War was one of our world†™s first written documents that dealt with militaristic strategies and advancements. The book was written by a Chinese military leader named Sun Tzu, who commanded and analyzed his military over the Warring States Period of China. Sun Tzu produced this text in an attempt to provide future military advantages for the Chinese, but The Art of War’s ideas eventually spread to neighboring civilizations and empires. The ideas and facts expressed in Sun Tzu’s writings provedRead MoreHow Does Art Reflect Britain Essay examples1374 Words   |  6 PagesChoose one aspect (art) and show how this reflects the British character and UK society. You can also introduce a brief comparison with your own country. For many years Britain have its own unique and old history, for example, art. But in the beginning, British art was not as wide-ranging and popular as the present. It develops as time goes on, and there was big difference between each period, such as The Ambassadors from 1533, showing the lifestyle of upper class, Rain, Steam and Speed from

The United States Should Abstain From Fencing - 1522 Words

Tear Down This Wall How does a country go from Tear down this wall! to Build a fence to keep out all immigrants? An ongoing issue in American politics is whether or not to fence the southern border of the US and close it to immigration. States such as Arizona have taken action regarding this issue however, the federal government has not yet passed legislature or decided upon a course of action. The United States should abstain from fencing in the border due to the fact that, even though they can take jobs from Americans, Central American immigrants enrich the American culture and greatly benefit American society. America has long been a multicultural and multiracial society. As a result of European immigration in the early 1900s,†¦show more content†¦Jews and other similarly oppressed groups sought safe haven from political or ideological persecution and wished to find a place where they could practice their religions or express their beliefs without the incumbent threat of violence. However, these Open Door sentiments soon began to fade. People started feeling angry towards these new immigrants because they were often poor, illiterate, or came from different cultural or religious backgrounds. The trauma of the First World War and the fear of Communism during the Red Scare of the late 1910s also worried many Americans. As a result, Congress passed laws restricting the flow of immigration because the government did not believe that the new immigrants enriched the life and culture of the USA (History.com Staff). In addition to the fear of immigrants, xenophobia and racial persecution set the stage for today s world of restrictive immigration propositions. The United States government should refrain from sealing the border with Mexico as such an act would violate the ideals that American society reveres; the ability to make something of yourself when you have come from nothing or very little and the inherent equality and freedom of all men. Dick Arm ey, a retired member of congress, states that this country has always held its doors open. We don t build up walls in the United States. We tear them down. These sentiments parallel the Civil Rights Movement of the 1960s; both the

Historical/Cultural Analysis Free Essays

Historical/Cultural Analysis â€Å"Operation of a Medic. † The text, â€Å"Watching a Medic, Sicily, August 9, 1943†, illustrates the occupation of a medic in action during WWII. This text shows a medic helping another soldier in Sicily. We will write a custom essay sample on Historical/Cultural Analysis or any similar topic only for you Order Now In the background of the image there is a poor and deprived family looking upon the medic performing his duty of helping the injured soldier. This image shows what a medic’s lifestyle was like during the war. Medics had to perform their medical duties in places where injuries occurred, making it especially tough in the areas of where war was occurring. The image shows the historical context of the invasion of Sicily that took place during the same time as the picture. The image also shows the cultural context in relation with the lives of the natives living in Sicily. The occupation of medics and their lifestyle, the topic of war and military invasion, and the inhabitants of the homeland of Sicily, can all be accurately embedded within the tangible meaning of what it was like during the time of this visual text. In the image there is a medic performing a procedure on another soldier that is lying injured on the ground. The injured soldier is lying with his uniform open and his eyes closed. His helmet is lying on the ground beside a poor family that watching the operation happening. The family is in the background and is looking upon with a worried and sad look on their faces. These people are watching the scene of a medic in action from their own doorsteps, which brings attention to the fact that these onlookers are natives of the land where the picture occurred. This distinguishes the awareness of the cultural context that is being revealed in the image by the displaying of what the life was like for a family living in Sicily. The occupation of a medic is one that is very tough and challenging. To become a medic one must first have received medical basic training. They must be able to implement the knowledge and tactics learn in that medical training out on the battlefield. A medic must also be able to think and operate in hostile environments. One medic that served in Sicily during the time of the picture was Jerome McMenamy. McMenamy gives his reflections of working as a medic during the war in an interview. He was asked the uestion: what did you use to alleviate your patients’ pain? McMenamy response was, â€Å"One of the things for a medic in combat is morphine in little tubes. You had a quarter-grain of morphine in there, and you just jabbed it into a guy’s arm and squeezed that tube dry. In a few minutes he was feeling better†(Reynolds, Frank A. ). The treatment of pain, wounds, and minor injures are all examples of duties that medics have to perform during the time of the war. I n the image it demonstrates the medic completing these duties. A medic’s occupation during the time of World War II was challenging and also life-threating. Personal accounts of the times of being a medic place a first hand understanding of the true lifestyles that medics had during World War II. McMenamy tells of the hardships he had to go through while being a medic in the war, â€Å"My ankle snapped over a rock and got badly sprained. They put me on kitchen police, and the ankle wasn’t getting any better, but I got though the four months of basic training. They just taped it up, and I was marching with a sprained ankle†(Reynolds, Frank A. . This tells of not only the challenging medical practices that medics had to deal with helping injured soldiers, but also the rough encounters that medics had to overcome. In the image the medic is dressed and suited up as a soldier ready for combat. This suggests that all medics must be prepared in the times of attack, and by doing so they must have completed the four months of basic t raining that McMenamy discussed. Medics have to participate in the same tough and struggling operations that other soldiers in the war had to try and complete. The accomplishing of these tough tasks and all the requirements of being a medic has given medics the strength and bravery to go into unfamiliar lands such as Sicily in the image, and perform the medical actions that need to be completed. This enduring and lasting obligation is represented in the visual text by the medic helping a fallen soldier in an area that the medic is not familiar with. The medic being in this unaccustomed area of Sicily brings about the cultural context, and how he is able to perform his duties of a medic while having natives of the region stand close by and watch. Medics had many unpleasant and life threatening experiences in World War II. This brings to attention the experiences of medics in trying to complete their duties in a warzone. Medics have to worry about losing their own life everyday in war while trying to save the lives of others. They have to try to help the injured when not knowing what could happen. This could be from an opposing soldier coming up and attacking the medic while the medic is performing an operation on an injured soldier. The medic having no knowledge of the people or things around him is a cultural connection, such as that represented in the image. One invasion that occurred was the Allied invasion of Sicily. The image takes place in Sicily, which gives an historical connection to the battle that occurred in the same place as the picture. The historical connection of the image is the battle that was fought in Sicily during the time of WWII, â€Å"Axis forces struck first at Sicily in July in a amphibious landing that was surpassed in size only by the invasion at Normandy, France, year later. After driving German forces off of Sicily, Allied troops, in September, began a long, costly march up the mountainous Italian peninsula† (Moffett, George). The Allied invasion of Sicily was a major World War II campaign, in which the Allies took Sicily from the Axis. The Allies taking control over Sicily puts a means of emphasis on the historical context in the image due to the fact that the medic in the image is a member of the Allied Forces. The invasion that occurred in Sicily was done by the Allied forces, meaning that the carried out actions by the Allied forces were done on its opponents’ homeland. This shows the cultural connection in the image, due to the fact of the family in the background looking upon the unfamiliar soldier. This medic had to perform his duty being military medical personnel in a place that was uncommon to him. He was doing his work in front of a poor family that were living in the area where the picture was taken. The poor family was looking upon the medic that was preforming his medical practices in their territory of where they live. This shows the cultural connection to the image because of how the medic had to adapt to the area to complete his duty of being a medic in the unfamiliar land of Sicily. This image of a medic performing a medical practice on an injured soldier shows the job of a medic in action. It does not show the threats that could occur to the medic while he is completing his job. Military medical personnel face the daily threat of gunfire, explosives, chemical weapons, and other battlefield hazards. While medics try to carry out their job of being a medic many get injured due to the fact of all these hazards happening around them. This image shows a glimpse of what a medic’s life was like during the war. The life of a medic during World War II was not that of picture perfect lifestyle, it was more life treating and having to deal with the thought of death occurring any second in the time of war. Which brings notion to the cultural context of the medic in the image, by him not having the knowledge of the environment around him and any possible threats that would come about. Works Cited: Moffett, George. â€Å"Celebrating WWII’s other front. (Cover story). † Christian Science Monitor May 1995: 1. Academic Search Premier. Web. 6 Nov. 2011. Reynolds, Frank A. â€Å"Field Medic On The Italian Front. † Military History 22. 8 (2005): 54-68. Academic Search Premier. Web. 6 Nov. 2011. How to cite Historical/Cultural Analysis, Papers

Report Simulation

Question: Simulation of queuing system The management of a company providing financial service is concerned with the existing single channel queuing system adopted by the customer service unit. The management is considering of adding another skilled worker hoping that it will make the system more efficient and beneficial to their customers. The estimated mean interarrival time is 4 minutes and the estimated mean service time is 10 minutes. The estimated cost of waiting in queue is RM 15 per hour. The hourly salary of each worker is RM 12 per hour. Required: (a). Using an appropriate method, generate 300 random numbers. Let the last three digits of your ID as the seed. (b). Are the random numbers generated in (a) uniform and independent to each other? Show your proof. (c). Based on the probability distributions of your choice, develop a random variate generate for generating interarrival and service times. Then, use random numbers produced in (a) to generate interarrival and service times. Based on your results above, should the management maintain the current queuing system or hire another worker? Answer: [a].Random number generation: It is noted that the financial service company used a single channel queuing system for servicing its customer. In this context, the given information shows that the estimated mean interarrival time is 4 minutes and the estimated mean service time is 10 minutes. The estimated cost of waiting in queue is RM 15 per hour. The hourly salary of each worker is RM 12 per hour. Since, the management is concerned about its single queue system; a simulation study has been executed here, to deduce a meaningful conclusion. The Random numbers are a necessary basic ingredient in the simulation of almost all discrete systems. Here, the random numbers are generated using Microsoft excel for the given two variables. Mainly, the linear congruential method is used here. In order to do so, the following assumptions were made: Base: 333 Multiplier: 312 Summand: 152 Seed: 382 The below figure represents the random number generated here for running the simulation. The details of the random numbers are found in the attached file with this report (Alonso Schott, 1995). [b]Case 1: Test for uniformity To test whether the random numbers are generated here are uniform or not, chi square is followed here. The details of the Chi Square Test are shown below: Step 1: Calculation Here, the chi-square test with = 0.05 is employed to test for whether the random number series shown below are uniformly distributed. Here, n = 10 intervals of equal length. Class Interval Oi Ei (Oi-Ei)^2/Ei 1 0.00 R 0.10 33 30 0.300 2 0.10 R 0.20 33 30 0.300 3 0.20 R 0.30 66 30 43.200 4 0.30 R 0.40 1 30 28.033 5 0.40 R 0.50 34 30 0.533 6 0.50 R 0.60 0 30 30.000 7 0.60 R 0.70 0 30 30.000 8 0.70 R 0.80 0 30 30.000 9 0.80 R 0.90 67 30 45.633 10 0.90 R 1.00 66 30 43.200 300 300 251.200 Step 2: Hypothesis H0: The numbers are uniformly distributed on the interval [0, 1]; H1: The numbers are non-uniformly distributed; Step 3: Test statistics X2 Step 4: Critical value Step 5: Decision Since, (Aritzhaupt.com, 2015) The null hypothesis is rejected here. So, there is enough proof to conclude that the distribution of interarrival time is not uniform. Case 2: Test for independence Hypothesis: In order to test the independency of the random numbers, autocorrelation test is used here. Here, for the generated random numbers, auto correlation test is used to test whether the 3rd, 8th, 13th, and so on numbers are auto correlated using = 0.05. Here, i = 3 m = 5 N = 300 Therefore, i + (M + 1) m =N or, 3 + (M + 1) 5 =300 or, 3 + 5M + 5 = 300 or, 8 +5M = 300 or, M = 292 / 5 or, M = 58 Now, Therefore, =0.015663 And =0.038964 Therefore, = 0.401983186 Now, the critical value z0.025 = 1.96. Since, z0 -1.96, null hypothesis should not be rejected here. Therefore, there is sufficient evidence to conclude that the random number series are independent (Barker Kelsey, 2006). [c]. Random variate generation: Interarrival time: (Barker Kelsey, 2007) Service time: (Eg.bucknell.edu, 2015) Simulation: (Niederreiter, 1992) Therefore, Average Interarrival time = (sum of Interarrival times) / (number of arrivals 1) = 692.0671 / 123 = 5.627 min Average service time = total service time / number of customers = 1730.1678 /222 = 7.794 min (Gentle, 1998) After running the simulation for several times, it is noted that if the management add another skilled worker, then, the system will become more efficient. Hence, it is recommended that the management should add another worker into the current queuing system. References Alonso, L., Schott, R. (1995).Random generation of trees. Boston: Kluwer Academic. Aritzhaupt.com,. (2015).Autocorrelation Test Tutorial. Retrieved 19 January 2015, from https://www.aritzhaupt.com/resource/autocorrelation/ Barker, E., Kelsey, J. (2006).Recommendation for random number generation using deterministic random bit generators. [Gaithersburg, MD]: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Technology Administration, National Institute of Standards and Technology. Barker, E., Kelsey, J. (2007).Recommendation for random number generation using deterministic random bit generators (revised). [Gaithersburg, MD]: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Technology Administration, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Computer Security Division, Information Technology Laboratory. Eg.bucknell.edu,. (2015).Tests for Auto-correlation. Retrieved 19 January 2015, from https://www.eg.bucknell.edu/~xmeng/Course/CS6337/Note/master/node45.html Gentle, J. (1998).Random number generation and Monte Carlo methods. New York: Springer. Niederreiter, H. (1992).Random number generation and quasi-Monte Carlo methods. Philadelphia, Pa.: Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics.

Model of cultures free essay sample

Organizational culture and national culture: The case of multinational companies: ZARA (outline) Defining concepts: What Is organizational culture? A system of shared meaning held by members that distinguishes the organization from other organizations. (Organizational Behavior, p. 546) Do organizations have uniform cultures? (Ibid, p. 548) Dominant culture and subculture How the culture ofa country influences the culture ofa business? Geert Hofstede identifies four cultural dimensions that can have a profound impact on the business nvironment: Individual level: individualism/collectivism Organizational level: power distance Occupational level: uncertainty avoidance Gender level: masculinity/femininity (Hofstede, Geert, Cultures and Organizations: Software ot the Mind, 3rd ed, New York, McGraw-Hill, 2010, p. 25). Organizational culture communication media and social sharing Norms National culture Values social Behaviour The individual values of a country predict organizational culture and consumer behaviour (Hofstede) National culture cannot necessarily be used to predict rganizational culture and consumer behaviour The case of multinational company: ZARA Found by Inditex ZARA present in 86 countries, a network of 1,770 stores (Inditex, http://www. We will write a custom essay sample on Model of cultures or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page nditex. com/en/who_we_are/concepts/zara) High standards company culture is highly decentralized and flexible High standards company culture is highly decentralized and flexible Workers organized in teams positive results Competitions among teams continuous feedback ( ZARA: culture, http:mashlonworldwlde. wlklspaces. com/ Culture) Innovation and flexlblllty 200 persons In design team 82,8% of workers are women Satisfy customers needs from dfferent cultures and backgrounds Store managers report the demands of customers and the sales trends to the headquarters on a daily basis Awareness of corporate responsibility: Social dimension. environmental dimension. product health and safety Marketing Zara decided to move towards a geocentric orientation, allowing the company to adopt in some cases local solutions rather than merely replicate the OF2 nome mar et. K Lara sells a largely nomogeneous product Tor a glooal market (Havlan and Polo, 2000). Moreover, there are some adjustments in its marketing mix because of the customers size differences in Asian countries (Monllor, 2001), laws issued that require the availability of clothes for youth in all sizes in Buenos Aires (La Opinion de La Coruna, 2006), cultural differences in Arab countries where some clothes cannot be sold, and a different season in the other part of the world (Euromonitor, 2002a).

Farewell Quotes That Mean More than Just Goodbye

Farewell Quotes That Mean More than Just Goodbye Saying farewell isnt easy. While  change  is a part of life, partings can bring you to tears. How can you make a good farewell, and what wise quotes might you use? A Farewell Does Not Mark the End of Relationships When you bid farewell to a friend who is moving away, you dont have to feel as if your world is over. On the contrary, you can now explore your friendship in a new dimension. You have the opportunity to write long emails, filled with details of your daily life. You can wish each other Happy birthday through cards, presents, or even a surprise visit. When you meet long-distance friends, you experience such jubilation, that distance seems frivolous. Your long distant friend can be a reliable sounding board, who understands you well enough to help you out. Absence also makes the heart grow fonder. You will find that distant friends have more patience and fondness for you. When Farewells Bring an End to a Relationship Sometimes, farewells are not pleasant. When you fall out with your best friend, you may not part on friendly terms. The bitterness of the betrayal, the hurt of losing a loved one, and the sadness, engulfs you. You may feel disoriented and temporarily lose interest in many of your daily interactions with people. How to End a Relationship Without Hurting Yourself or Others Even though you may feel hurt or angry, it is best to part on a friendly note. There is no point shouldering the baggage of guilt and anger. If things have come to a head, and you know that reconciliation is impossible, end the relationship without bearing malice. Express your sadness, though not accusingly. Speak kindly, and part with a handshake. You never know how life takes a turn, and you are forced to seek the help of your estranged friend. If this happens, let the parting words of farewell be nice enough for your friend to oblige you. After Saying Farewell, Open Your Heart to New Friendships While a farewell may end one relationship, it opens the door to new ones. There is a silver lining to every gray cloud. Each broken relationship makes you stronger and wiser. You learn to deal with pain and heartbreak. You also learn to not take things too seriously. Friendships that sustain despite the distance, continue to grow stronger over the years. Bid Adieu to Dear Ones with Kind Words of Farewell If you find yourself unable to say farewell, use these farewell quotes to bid your dear ones goodbye. Remind your loved ones of the precious time you shared, and how you miss them. Shower your love with sweet words. Dont let your angst make your loved ones feel guilty about moving away. As Richard Bach rightly pointed out, If you love something, set it free; if it comes back its yours, if it doesnt, it never was. Farewell Quotes William Shenstone:  So sweetly she bade me adieu, I thought that she bade me return. Francois de la Rochefoucauld:  Absence diminishes little passions and increases great ones, as the wind extinguishes candles and fans a fire. Alan Alda:  The best things said come last. People will talk for hours saying nothing much and then linger at the door with words that come with a rush from the heart. Lazurus Long:  Great is the art of beginning, but greater is the art of ending. Jean Paul Richter:  Never part without loving words to think of during your absence. It may be that you will not meet again in this life. Alfred De Musset:  The return makes one love the farewell. Henry Louis Mencken:  When I mount the scaffold, at last, these will be my farewell words to the sheriff: Say what you will against me when I am gone but dont forget to add, in common justice, that I was never converted to anything. William Shakespeare:  Farewell! God knows when we shall meet again. Francis Thompson:  She went her unremembering way, / She went and left in me / The pang of all the partings gone, / And partings yet to be. Robert Pollok:  That bitter word, which closed all earthly friendships and finished every feast of love farewell! Lord Byron:  Farewell! A  word that must be, and hath been - A sound which makes us linger; - yet - farewell! Richard Bach:  Don’t be dismayed by goodbyes. A farewell is necessary before you can meet again. And meeting again after moments or lifetimes is certain for those who are friends. Anna Brownell Jameson:  As the presence of those we love is as a double life, so absence, in its anxious longing and sense of vacancy, is as a foretaste of death. A. A. Milne:  Promise me youll never forget me because if I thought you would Id never leave. Nicholas Sparks: The reason it hurts so much to separate is because our souls are connected. Maybe they always have been and will be. Maybe weve lived a thousand lives before this one and in each of them, weve found each other. And maybe each time, weve been forced apart for the same reasons. That means that this goodbye is both a goodbye for the past ten thousand years and a prelude to what will come. Jean Paul Richter:  Mans feelings are always purest and most glowing in the hour of meeting and of farewell. Jimi Hendrix:  The story of life is quicker than the blink of an eye, the story of love is hello, goodbye. Irish Blessing:  May the road rise up to meet you, may the wind be ever at your back. May the sun shine warm upon your face and the rain falls softly on your fields. And until we meet again, may God hold you in the hollow of his hand. Lord Byron:  Lets not unman each other - part at once; All farewells should be sudden, when forever, Else they make an eternity of moments, And clog the last sad sands of life with tears. John Dryden:  Love reckons hours for months, and days for years and every little absence is an age. Henry Fielding:  Distance of time and place generally cure what they seem to aggravate; and taking leave of our friends resembles taking leave of the world, of which it has been said, that it is not death, but dying, which is terrible. William Shakespeare:  Farewell, my sister, fare thee well. / The elements be kind to thee and make / Thy spirits all of comfort: fare thee well. Charles M. Schulz:  Why cant we get all the people together in the world that we really like and then just stay together? I guess that wouldnt work. Someone would leave. Someone always leaves. Then we would have to say good-bye. I hate good-byes. I know what I need. I need more hellos.

Assisted Suicide Mercy Or Murder Essay Research

Assisted Suicide: Mercy Or Murder? Essay, Research Paper Assisted Suicide: Mercy or Murder? It is good recognized that there are ethical, moral and legal differentiations between assisted self-destruction and mercy killing. Like abortion or racism, mercy killing is a hot issue that is long debated. Unfortunately, there is no easy solution. There are many factors driving the assisted self-destruction argument. Should people be free to make up ones mind for themselves if they wish to decease? Does the patient have the right to do that determination for himself? In Oregon, mercy killing has been accepted morally and lawfully. Western Torahs have by and large # 8220 ; considered the act of assisting person to decease a signifier of homicide topic to legal countenances. Medical moralss have been stuck in the center of this het argument, as physician assisted self-destruction is incompatible with the doctors function as a therapist. For physicians, # 8220 ; the lone option to allowing the patient to decease is to coerce intervention on them. # 8221 ; Euthanasia is non a simple or individual issue, but really involves four distinguishable state of affairss: voluntary active mercy killing, nonvoluntary active mercy killing, voluntary passive mercy killing, and nonvoluntary inactive mercy killing. This paper will concentrate on voluntary active mercy killing, peculiarly assisted self-destruction. I think the job with aided self-destruction is that many people are unnecessarily losing their lives, hence assisted self-destruction should be illegal.For the intent of treatment, it is critical to specify footings. Euthanasia # 8220 ; besides mercy killing # 8221 ; , is the # 8220 ; pattern of stoping life so as to let go of and single from incurable disease or unbearable suffering. # 8221 ; Assisted suicide # 8220 ; the proviso of aid ( medicine, kiping pills, deadly injection, etc ) with the purpose that the patient will utilize these agents to perpetrate suicide # 8221 ; , this can be done by a doctor, household member , or some other individual. Many terminally sick patients, who encourage assisted self-destruction, experience that the right to take aided self-destruction should be based on freedom of pick, such as the right to acquire married or have an abortion. Every individual does merit the right to do picks for themselves. # 8220 ; Peoples have an involvement in doing of import determinations about their lives in conformity with their ain construct of how they want their lives to go. # 8221 ; Possibly if the attention of these patients becomes more efficient, the patients would non experience like such a load to society. The patients could perchance hold less subjective believing about self-destruction. Some terminally ill besides feel that when they are faced with decease they want to be involved in the determination of how their decease will come approximately. The argument of this peculiar issue is will the patient be able to do a rational determination, will their province of head ( f or illustration, are they depressed ) let them to do a clear opinion. Is the deceasing individual able to warrant their petition for decease? It is hard to happen grounds to find if the patient is being rational or irrational. I do non believe that agony is good in itself. The terminally ailment should be spared hurting every bit far as possible. This includes the power of drugs. Much more can be done, and should be done to extinguish the hurting of those who are deceasing. Given these considerations it is urged that aided self-destruction is unneeded. At the nucleus of this issue, What does the Bible state? If slaying and self-destruction were incorrect, would help suicide be incorrect? The first commandment # 8220 ; Thou shalt non kill # 8221 ; is the most basic of God-orientated commandments. Before building a hierarchy of human value, we must see, what is God # 8217 ; s sentiment? In his eyes, are people # 8217 ; s lives, no affair how short or hard is life worth populating? Principles that are of import in this statement are value of human life , death, pain and pain relief, and compassion and mercy. Though we are not directly told God’s view of the whole issue, it is obvious that any form of euthanasia is condemned in the Bible. It comes down to the value of human life, and as a Creator and Sovereign, God alone has the ultimate prerogative of giving and taking human life. The worth of each human being is determined by its intrinsic God-given nature, the fact that it is created by him and in his image. Unfortunately today, we live in a somewhat secular society. Not everyone believes in God, therefore if you do not believe in God, this argument is irrelevant. With this in mind, remember that death is still a universal experience of mankind. To me every person is an image and likeness of God, entrusted by God with the gift of life, and sustained into being by the action of God. In view of these principles we have examined regarding God’s sovereignty over life and death, however, the relief of pain could never justify actively taking a human life. Assisted suicide is wrong because it infringes on clear biblical principles. Life is a valuable gift that has been bestowed on all living creatures we must respect it and be thankful. To think that we should be able to write the script of our whole life is to deny God’s commandment: â€Å"I am the Lord your God.† In birth and in death we follow the Lord. To follow the crucified Lord means give us trustfully into God’s hands. After all God freely accepted a death that he did not choose, and he showed us the path to life. It is important to recognize that if pain is controlled, as it can be in virtually all cases, very few terminally ill people ask to be put to death. The patients benefit by having a shorter pain-free life rather than a longer, even more painful life. â€Å"The greater good for the patient is relief of pain, and the lesser evil is loss of life† , â€Å"a person has worth in and of itself and is not mer ely a means to an overall balance of others goods over evils in the person’s life.† To me a request for assisted suicide is a cry for help, a call for assistance to positive alternatives as solutions for very real problems. Modern medicine has the ability to control pain, and should be used to help ease the pain of a dying patient. Helping a patient kill themselves is to claim that we are a law unto ourselves, and that every possible choice is good as long as we choose it. It is to consecrate â€Å"choice† and to make it God. There are some life decisions that are not ours to make. A wise man once told me, life is not always fair, and what appears to be fairer is not always right, therefore one should protect the soul. That includes living the life that God has chosen for us, and accepting our natural death. While it is not for me to judge, if it were my life I would feel obligated to with these factors, even if they were somewhat pragmatic, in my decision. We mu st not simply act on our subjective feelings of what seems to be merciful and what does not. It is important to be objective, after all we are dealing with people’s lives. References†Euthanasia† Microsoft ? Encarta ? 98 Encyclopedia. 1993-1997 Microsoft Corporation.†Euthanasia, Voluntary† Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. 1996 Robert Young La Trobe University.†Voluntary Active Euthanasia† D. Brock. Hastings Center Report 22. No. 2(1993) pg.10-22.†A Right to Choose Death?† F. M. Kamm. Boston Review. 1993-1998.†Causing Death or allowing to die? Develops in the Law† Pamela R. Ferguson. University of Dundee Scotland. 1997 pg. 368-372.†A Rational Approach to Rational Suicide† Joseph Richman, Ph.D, Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, Vol 22, 1992. The American Association of Suicidology.†The Holy Bible†By Tanya L. Vissia

ASPECTS OF CONTRACT AND NEGLIGENCE FOR BUSINESS Essay

ASPECTS OF CONTRACT AND NEGLIGENCE FOR BUSINESS - Essay Example A contract is formed with the intention to form a legal foundation which authorises all the functionalities. In this similar context, a contract is formed with an offer. Offer along with acceptance refers to the modes of evaluating the procedure of negotiation in order to select whether as well as when a particular contract is made. Moreover, the terms of contract are ascertained in this mode. The key features of offer include the aspect of proposal, expression or preparedness to carry out or refrain from executing something along with making of an expression to the other person. Moreover, offer can be implied or expressed. It can be general or specific as well. In this regard, there are two entities that form an offer i.e. offeree and offeror. Offeree defines the person or a unit to whom a particular offer so as to enter within a contract is made by offeror. For Instance, when a company offers to sell certain products at assured discounts rates to the consumers then it can be consid ered that the company is making an offer. Other elements of a forming a valid contract i.e. acceptance also lays high amount of importance as a contract may not get detailed picture without the fulfilment of this particular element. There are generally three types of acceptance i.e. conditional acceptance, implied acceptance and express acceptance. Correspondingly, the method of acceptance relates to certain steps wherein full performance of required aspects need to be made, subsequently the offeree commences to perform based on different types of contract and promises to perform. Moreover, based general rules and expectations, the acceptance is executed. Another element i.e. consideration also lays high amount of importance as it allows different parties involved in a contract to get certain benefits. Moreover, a contract also binds itself with certain regulations in which minors who are under the age of 18 cannot enter into the terms of a contract. Thus, this aspect can also be co nsidered to be very important as it indicates the sincerity of a contract. In relation to the case of ‘Techno products’, all the elements of a contract especially, offer, acceptance and consideration seem to imply a very clear relation (Community Legal Information Centre, 2012; Gillies, 1988). 1.2 Discuss the Impact of Different Types of Contract Different types of contract formation i.e. bilateral contract, unilateral contract or a business contract among others may render certain impacts that mainly take monetary forms. Considering this aspect, there are other forms of impact that mainly comprise pricing arrangements as well. Correspondingly, making pricing arrangements in different types of contract may give rise to conflicts between the partners which may impact a contract in a negative way. According to the case i.e. Fea v. Dep't of the Army, several conflicting situations in the

Create or use an existing company Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Create or use an existing company - Term Paper Example There are some main factors that company has to deal with. As most of the soft-drink and beer bottles are liable for reuse and recycling, company gets some of its raw material from defected and used bottles that are supplied back by the beer companies. However, a number of bottles do not reverse and company has to involve glass as the raw material of new bottles. There had been a stagnant increase in the market since last three years which provides and estimation for supposed upcoming market demands. In light of those factors company has to keep a safe number of bottles that can be supplied urgently when required by buyers. On the other hand, a large number of bottles made in advance can create a burden over company’s investing strength. That would also create a lack of fluency in company’s cycle of work. Thus, company has to involve a concrete Inventory management that keeps the overall demand and supply chain in a safe and trustworthy position to provide continuous pr ofit to Volga Glasses. The supply chain and IT Factors Obviously, the purpose of Volga Glasses’ is to enhance and manage its supply chain to perform with a perfect smoothness that does not shake even in the conditions of an urgent tide in market situations. Company uses elegant IT techniques to manage that smoothness. Chiefly the bills are collected as electronic data providing an exact record of supply over a particular period. While mostly a supply chain is maintained over longer period like a year or six months, Volga Glasses is bound to use three month estimation because of the nature of its assets and frequently wavering requirements. Three years ago company has ordered a software organization to design software for their inventory management. The software had produced good results while it had been quite dependent of human inputs and mandatory analysis by the supervisors of Volga Glasses. This software ‘Smart-Task’ bases its strategy in collecting the suppl y data and comparing the overall cost of raw materials added with the labor and mechanical expenses. Over the time it also manifests the comparative graphs of market tides during various supply chain periods. Company manages to base its strategies in short term chains such as three months as well as yearly managements of supply chains. During last years it had come out that Smart-Task has been accurate and efficient in processing the data to manifest a scenario of the market. However, during the recent immediate ups and downs of market the estimations of Smart-task have failed when external situations like a temporary recession had stricken the market of soft drinks. Therefore an analysis of Company’s requirement and reliability of IT over numerous patterns of system of research is mandatory. Synchronization of IT and HR Out of the data processing methodology of Smart-Task, it has come out that it depends solely on human inputs which provide a base for calculations and estima tions. Company’s HR department is responsible for providing the supposed information for future uplifts and lowering of market because Smart-Task puts the data in various graphs that ease the methods of comparisons provide a manifestation of supply chain. The requirement of advance inventory is calculated on a

Los Angeles Kings Marketing Plan Essay Example for Free

Los Angeles Kings Marketing Plan Essay I. Executive Summary The NHL has seen its fairs share of storied franchises, but non-however may stick out more than the Los Angeles Kings. At one time the Kings had acquired arguably, the best player to ever lace up his skates in Wayne Gretzky and were competing for the Stanley Cup year-in-and-year-out. The Kings have been long regarded as one of the better ran franchises in sports, thanks to managements commitment to winning. However, the Kings have not managed their ultimate goal of a Stanley Cup, they manage to remain competitive every year. The closest they came was in 1993, where they lost to the Montreal Canadians in the Stanley Cup Finals. Behind the play on the ice though comes a marketing strategy that ties it all together. This strategy will be developed in conjunction with, Vice President of Marketing Jonathon Lowe, and team owners Philip Anschutz and Edward Roski Jr. The following strategy will include sales, promotions, merchandising, advertising/sponsorships, public relations, and then of course community relations. The Kings came to the NHL in 1966, as apart of the â€Å"new 6† that doubled the size of the NHL and brought a franchise to Southern California. Then owner of the Los Angeles Lakers, Kent Cooke brought his passion for the sport of hockey, and for the city of Los Angeles together when he created the organization. After 44 seasons of hockey the Kings are now one of the more storied franchises in the NHL today. This past season the Kings enjoyed a great fan turnout averaging 18,803 fans filling the building to an average of 99.8% capacity, up 6% from the previous season. The Kings do not have to compete with the LA Lakers or Clippers of the NBA so much being as how all three teams play out of the Staples Center, but in a city like LA where the entertainment dollar is more competitive now than ever, it is important for the Kings to stay ahead of the rest of the competition. Fans need to know that they have the opportunity to catch the most exciting game on ice, every time the Kings play at home. If there is one thing LA fans are notorious for it is only coming to â€Å"important† games. That is why we need to branch out to new fans and make sure old fans still know the Kings run this town. II Sales: Sales, the lifeblood of any organization, the biggest factor that separates a successful franchise to a non-successful franchise. The Kings currently have their season ticket plan broken up into several different categories they include, full/half season ticket plans, along with 10-game deals, a Wild West package, and then single/group ticket sales. Also there are Royal benefits made available to full/half season ticket holders, and 10-game ticket holders. By becoming a season ticket holder be it full, half, or a 10-game plan the fan is entitled to Royal benefits that include but are not limited to: * Stanley Cup Playoff Ticket Priority * Significant saving on tickets * Flexible interest free payments * 10% off at the team LA Store * Ability to purchase advance tickets to other events at the Staples Center, Home Depot Center, LA LIVE and more * Ability to purchase Staples Center pre-paid parking They also include Royal Service Programs that include: * Access to a personal Season Ticket Service Executive * Kings CARE donation program (this gives the ticket holder the opportunity to donate unwanted tickets to the Kings CARE foundation) * Ability to upgrade account or add tickets to account * Access to LAKings.com/seasontix this website give the fan the option to view their account, access tickets, make payments, renew tickets, and sell tickets on Ticketmaster’s TicketExchange They also include Royal Treatment: * Receive invites to exclusive Team Member events like, a Meet the Players Party, State of the Franchise, private practices, listen in on conference calls, and much much more * Refer a friend to season tickets and receive free Team LA gear. The Kings play 82 regular season games in the Western Conference, Pacific division. Of these 82 games 41 are played at home, the rest on the road. For all 41 home games the ticket sales are as follows: The Kings offer great deals to buy tickets in bulk, i.e. season tickets and are willing to sacrifice some profits to bring fans into the arena. The only thing that the Kings lack in their season ticket packages are names that people can get excited for. The full season ticket holder package will be renamed the â€Å"King’s Royal Court†, this is something that will help the fan feel more connected to the team. The half season ticket holder package will be known as â€Å"the Royal package of the Crown†. The 10-Game packages needed names with a little more spunk so instead of the 10-Game, Big Game package, it will be known as the â€Å"10-Game War† to because it is war on the ice and the team will be playing some of the best competition the NHL has to offer. The Weekend Plan could be renamed â€Å"Time Away From the Throne†, because it is a weekend and people typically do not have to work. I like the name of the Flex package because it tells the consum er exactly what they are getting. Following package sales are individual ticket sales and group ticket sales. Single game tickets can be purchased through the box office or the team’s website via Ticketmaster. Pricing for tickets are based on demand, opponent, day of week, and number of days before the game. Prices may vary from week to week and will go up or down each Wednesday based on these factors. The way the price for tickets is determined is very interesting, it is good for the fans and bad for the fans, because the system relies heavily on what games being played and there performance of the team. This gives fans with a lower level of income the ability to catch a Kings game, even though the opponent might not be that good. Group tickets are available to groups of 15 or more and offer value priced seating based on the game. The idea behind group seating is to bring the groups, pride, passion, and power to the Staples Center to support the LA Kings. The Kings work with multiple youth hockey organizations, along with other organizations throughout the area to achieve group sales. III Promotions The Kings do an excellent job with promotions to get fans into the arena, different nights of the week have a different theme, all of which appeal to the people who live in the Los Angeles area. The promotions schedule is as follows: * Oct. 18: Opening Night * Oct. 22: Law Enforcement Appreciation Night * Oct. 25: Kroq Tailgate, Hockey fights cancer * Nov. 3: Canadian Heritage Night * Nov. 5: Waste Management â€Å"Green Game† * Nov. 8: Native American Pride Night, USC vs UCLA * Nov. 12: Boy Scout Night * Dec. 1: Career Night * Dec. 10: Legends Night, Firefighter Appreciation Night * Jan. 2: Legends Night * Jan. 5: Faith Family Night * Jan. 9: Russian Heritage Night * Jan. 12: Waste Management â€Å"Green Game† * Jan. 19: Jewish Pride Night * Jan. 23: Armenian Pride Night * Feb. 18: Legends Night, Black History Night * Mar. 3: Waste Management â€Å"Green Game† * Mar. 22: Law Enforcement Night presented by Enterprise Rent-a-center Along with these promotions that are geared towards promoting community bonding there is Military Mondays which honors those who have served in our military, Website Wednesdays which offer different deals on Wednesday of ever week, and Student Nights which are games that offer discounted tickets to all students with valid ID. IV Merchandising Merchandising deals with all aspects of the game, it is the difference between any old game and a sporting event. The fact that when a fan enters the Staples Center they are welcomed to a sea of black and purple and blinded by the Kings crown is what makes a Kings game a Kings game. The Kings are fortunate to have a very intensive website dedicated to Merchandise that includes jerseys, tee shirts, golf shirts, sweatshirts, and much more. The goal behind the Kings merchandising techniques is that everyone who walks into Staples Center better be wearing some type of Kings memorabilia and if they are not they better walk out with something on. In the arena itself there is a store dedicated to offering women’s apparel. The store had pink and form fitting hockey jerseys for women because the normal jerseys are too big. The store also had Kings shirts that are a little more flashy than normal and would appeal more to a women’s eye. Along with the women’s store there are several stores in the arena that are designed for children. These stores have Kings toys and mini hockey sticks, plus clothes and jerseys designed for children to wear. All along the arena there are places for men to buy merchandise they include jerseys, hats, tee shirt, sweatshirts, hockey pucks and much more. Some of the more popular items are the shirts designed for women, golf balls and hockey puck with the Kings logo on it. The Kings have a very recognizable brand and are amongst the top teams in revenue generators for the NHL. V Sponsorships The Kings have formed multiple corporate sponsorships that help fuel their organization. Most notably is Staples, whom own the naming right to the arena they play in but that is also in conjunction with the Lakers, Clippers, and city of Los Angeles. On top of that the Kings have teamed up with Verizon Wireless and Wells Fargo both of which are huge national organizations. The Kings also pair up with corporations to bring events to games. The Kings have deals wit h Pizza Hut to sponsor events, Waste Management sponsors â€Å"Green Games† for the Kings, and Kroqs also sponsored a themed game promotion. Sponsorships are a huge part of revenue and the best way to attract new sponsors is to attract fans. Some suggestions that the Kings could use would be to get a company to sponsor some type of ticket deal, it would reduce the cost to the consumer, and could come with coupons to use at the sponsoring company’s facilities. Another sponsorship idea is to have corporate sponsored events like a golf outing for charity or something of that nature. The Kings have the luxury have having a giant billboard that surrounds the ice they play on so corporate sponsors are not too hard to come by. Some notable sponsorships are Delta, Carl’s JR, Hooters, Toyota, and the Penalty Box, which is a bar located in South LA dedicated to the Kings. Another way the Kings could promote corporate sponsorship is through some type of wellness card. All card carriers would receive benefits to participating companies, and could include money off food, gas, or clothing. The card is something that can purchase through the LA Kings and will offer deals to its card carrier. VI Public Relations Public Relations are important to any organization and the Kings are no exception to this. The Kings already do an excellent job with their PR. The teams website is more than informative and gives fans a very hands on approach to press releases, game notes, and player stats/news. The idea behind good public relations is that by being perceived as good in the public’s eye will equate to more ticket sales and more support of the team. No one will support a team that is full of classless thugs, and that is why the website is so interactive. The fans have a chance to read up on their favorite players, see where they are from, and their career stats. That is fairly basic though, I propose each player prepares a short, quick, bio about themselves answering some fun questions like â€Å"what’s your favorite movie?,† â€Å"what’s your favorite food?†, â€Å"who is your favorite band?†. Questions that when answered will give the fan one more possible way to connect to their favorite athlete. Not only that, but by doing this it will give fans the chance to get to know new players. Another big part of PR is getting team new out their fast before the media gets the wrong story out there. The Kings have all updates on player personnel available on the team website and also through the teams’ Twitter and Facebook accounts. The Kings have 165-thousand Facebook fans and 49.6-thousand followers on Twitter. The Kings have really utilized social media as a positive tool while dealing with Public Relations. VII Community Relations Community Relations is similar to PR but deals more with the local community at hand rather than the view of the team under the national spotlight. For the Kings the city of LA has been very gracious hosts and the Kings have returned the favor significantly. The Kings have been in the area for the last 44 years and have maintained an excellent presence in the city. In 1996, the Kings started the Kings CARE Foundation, which is dedicated to helping less fortunate kids get through school by providing educational support the Kings were able to raise $3.5 Million since being started. This includes a $250-thousand donation that was used to help fund the Children’s Museum of Los Angeles, and another $250-thousand donation that was dedicated to AIDs victims. Another thing the Kings do is Kids Ice Knights, which donates over 10,000 tickets a year to kids who cannot afford to go to Kings games. The Kings Care Foundations hosts a silent auction every year that benefits the Children Cancer Research Fund, the items up for auction were tee shirts designed by team players and those associated with the Kings. The players all designed a dog bowl that were auctioned off, all proceeds of this went to the Society of the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Los Angeles. The 2006-2007 campaign gave the Kings the opportunity to work with Carmen Electra’s fundraiser, Head to Hollywood, which benefits survivors of brain cancer/head trauma. The team sponsored events at their home games where Miss USA and other celebrities shot pucks into an empty net to raise money. Every Wednesday the Kings feature children up for adoption in the greater LA area. In 1998, the Kings began a scholarship fund for fallen friend Michael Jund, and has been changing the lives of its recipient for over a decade. Finally the Kings pair with Toys for Tots around the holidays to bring holiday cheer to children. The Kings take a very active role in the community. On top of all of this players are constantly visiting the less fortunate and making sure the community knows the Kings care. It is important for the Kings to maintain their strong community ties because every season starts with the off-season.

Natural Resources Essay -- Environment, Renewable, Non-renewable

Introduction Natural resources are the elements that are found naturally and useful. Natural resources include fuels, oil, natural gas, materials and timber. Natural resources could be renewable or non-renewable. Renewable are those resources that are substituted in nature e.g. animals plants and forests. Non-renewable are those resources that exist in set/limited/calculated amounts e.g. fossil fuels, coal etc Discussion The Natural resources are playing a key role to support and enhance the economy. As far as the Brazil concern, It is rich in natural resources and the new discovery(s) further fueling its growth and development towards the prosperous economy and future. Brazil is rich in the following natural resources such as: Metal Products, Fertilizer, Petrochemicals, Pharmaceuticals, Foodstuffs, Textiles, Iron and Steel, Chemicals, Consumer Goods, Plastics, Shipbuilding, Machinery, Vehicles, Clothing, Paper Products, Wood Products and Cement. In late 2007, on the southeastern coast of Brazil the world’s biggest deep-water oil field was discovered. According to the estimate, this oil field is rich with five billion to eight billion barrels of natural gas and crude oil. This discovery of Brazil is the buzzword among the major energy exporters, and has given development structure to their pre-expanding economy. Now the Brazilian currency is stronger (rising 34% against the dollar, 2009), investment is mounting (foreign direct investment was 30%, 2009) and both are now constructed upon a firm foundation. This healthy statistics is the evidence that natural resources play a major role in the development and economy impetus. It should be remembered that natural resources are the main catalyst to construct and distract the loc... ...nce of its economic stability because low unemployment rate is the indicator of improved GDP. Although, China is also projecting some good picture but it is not as much promising as the Brazil has. (Trading economics, 2010) Conclusion After discussing the China, USA, France and Brazilian Economy, one thing that is inevitable to be concluded as per topic is that, natural resources are the key catalyst and key driven of any economy. These resources are the catalyst to make the investment decision and to develop or not to develop the relation with different nations. In other words, these natural resources are the major player to shape the world and its multicultural economies. If these natural resources are financed, value added and developed properly, the prosperity and the economical sustainability is guaranteed as one can see the wealth of middle-east.

Speech for Chinese Medicine

General Purpose: To inform. Specific Purpose: To inform my audience of an aspect of Chinese culture, which is is traditional Chinese medicine. Thesis: Traditional Chinese medicine is found in nearly all countries today, which I believe would be the result of intercultural communication. INTRODUCTION I. Hello! For my presentation, I am going to talk about a certain aspect of Chinese culture, which is traditional Chinese medicine. A. TCM, for short, is a practice still used in modern China and most of the United States. B. There are two types of TCM treatments commonly used today. National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2009) 1. Herbs 2. Acupuncture C. According to the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (2009), herbs and acupuncture are the most common; however, other practices include 1. moxibustion 2. cupping 3. Chinese massage 4. mind-body therapy 5. and dietary therapy D. For this presentation, I will mainly talk about herbs and acupunctu re, since it is the most commonly used forms of TCM. II. Herbs and Accupuncture. A. Both acupuncture and Chinese herbal medicine have been used and studied for a wide range of conditions. National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2009) 1. Acupuncture has been used for conditions such as a. back pain b. chemotherapy-included nausea c. depression d. osteoarthritis 2. Chinese herbal medicine has been used for conditions such as a. Cancer b. Heart disease c. Diabetes d. HIV/AIDS III. According to the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (2009), TCM is considered a form of alternative medicine. A. Alternative medicine is any healing practice that isn't conventional medicine.B. Alternative medicine may be based on historical or cultural traditions, rather than on scientific evidence. (Hesketh & Zhu, 1997) C. Alternative medicine varies from country to country. (Hesketh & Zhu, 1997) [I know that culture, especially Chinese culture may differ from tow n to town in a region as large as China. The main aspects of Chinese culture include its literature, music, cuisine, martial arts, etc. , today I am only going to speak to you about one aspect which is our alternative medicine, but their very own medicine. ) BODY I. China is the only country in the world where Western medicine and traditional medicine are . . . [practiced] . . . alongside each other at every level of the healthcare system. † (Hesketh & Zhu, 1997) A. 40% of all health care delivered in China is Traditional Chinese Medicine. (Hesketh & Zhu, 1997) II. TCM practitioners use a variety of therapies in an effort to promote health and treat disease. The most commonly used are Chinese herbal medicine and acupuncture. (National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2009) A. Chinese herbal medicine 1.The Chinese materia medica (a pharmacological reference books used by TCM practitioners) contains hundreds of medicinal substances- primarily plants, but also s ome minerals and animal products- classified by their perceived action in the body. 2. Different parts of plants such as the leaves, roots, stems, flowers, and seeds are used. 3. Usually, herbs are combined in formulas and given as teas, capsules, tinctures, or powders. B. Acupuncture 1. By stimulating specific points on the body, most often by inserting thin metal needles through the skin, practitioners seek to remove blockages in the flow of qi. . moxibustion (burning moxa- a cone or stick of dried herb, usually mugwort- on or near the skin, sometimes in conjunction with acupuncture) 3. cupping (appyling a heated cup to the skin to create a slight suction) 4. mind-body therapy (qi gong and tai chi) III. â€Å"In spite of the advent of Western practices, the Chinese have never completely ceased to employ their own art of healing, mainly because it continued to fit into their specific philosophy of life, but also because it appears that in frequent cases it was good medicine† (Risse, 1997, p. 7). A. Chinese traditional medicine, the Ayurvedic medicine of India, Tibetan medicine, and other Eastern medical systems evolved, for the most part, independently of Western scientific medicine. B. â€Å"Until the twentieth century the Eastern and Western medical systems were each considered particularly efficacious [,which means, successful in producing a desired or intended result; effective. ] by their own practitioners [ who are people actively engaged in a discipline, or profession, esp. medicine]† (Eisenberg, 1985, p. 2) IV. In an article from the Skeptical Inquirer, Joe Nickell (2012) explains his experience, where he learned about â€Å"Chinese healing techniques. † A. Nickell (2012) explains the origins of traditional Chinese medicine. B. Nickell (2012) learned that TCM is based on the five elements. V. Khalsa (2011) wrote an article titled Ancient Chinese Secrets, which explains the five herbs used in traditional Chinese medicine. A. Ginsen g B. Dong quai C. Schisandra D. Ho shou wu E. Astragalus VI.According to a newspaper article titled Chinese herbs that hurt, not heal, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is suffering from modern China's safety troubles and quality control. A. For centuries, traders bringing their Chinese herbs into this town made sure their first stop was the Medicine King Temple. They prayed to the Han Dynasty medical expert Pei Tong, whom the temple was built to honour, asking for their roots, fungus and berries to have the potency to cure the world's ills. The practice has long ceased, especially after the Chinese Communist Party came to power in 1949.VII. Chinese clamor for herbs to fight respiratory virus- U. N. Doctors inspect Beijing hospital A. Beijing – – The World Health Organization has no evidence to suggest that traditional Chinese medicine can prevent the spread of SARS, but the people in line at Tong Ren Tang Pharmacy don't care. There's a two-hour wait to buy herbs. Eve r since the popular Beijing Evening News newspaper ran a recipe Tuesday concocted by two experts in traditional Chinese medicine, thousands of people have rushed to pharmacies to buy the supposedly immunity-boosting elixir to†¦Conclusion I. TCM follows the belief that ancient Chinese followed many years ago, which is the same as the reasoning behind Chinese Universalism. Their reasoning include: 1. the Tao 2. the Yin and the Yang 3. and finally, the 5 elements, which are water, fire, wood, metal and earth. A. Chinese traditional thinking conceives of man as composed of the same elements as the universe. II. The origins of China's medical history are usually found in legends that come from the tradition of health care over several thousand years. A. nd where contemporary communities promises further insights into the nature of the human response to illness. B. Furthermore, medical historians and medical anthropologists have begun to focus their research on China, where a wealth of written sources permits III. References Eisenberg, D. (1985). Encouners with qi. New York, NY: W. W. Norton & Company. Hesketh, T. , & Zhu, W. X. (1997). Health in China. traditional Chinese medicine: One country, two systems. British Medical Journal 315(7100), 115-117. Abstract retrieved April 5, 2012 from http://www. cbi. nlm. nih. gov/pmc/articles National Center for Complementary and Alternatice Medicine. (2009). Traditional Chinese Medicine. Retrieved April 5, 2012 from http://nccam. nih. gov Nickell, J. (2012). Traditional Chinese medicine: Views east and west. Skeptical Inquirer, 36(2), 18-20. Retrieved April 5, 2012, from Readers' Guide Full Text Mega on-line database (H. W. Wilson) Khalsa, K. P. S. (2011). Ancient Chinese secrets. Amazing Wellness, 3(3), 36-38. Retrieved April 7, 2012, from Readers' Guide Full Text Mega on-line database (H. W. Wilson)Risse, G. B. (1973). Modern China and traditional Chinese medicine. Springfield, IL: Charles C Thomas. MacQueen, K. (2001) . The best of both worlds. Maclean's, 114(11), 44-47. Retrieved April 7, 2012, from Readers' Guide Full Text Mega on-line database (H. W. Wilson) Academic honesty. (n. d. ). Retrieved December 2, 2005, from University of Saskatchewan website: http://www. usask. ca/honesty Ancient chinese medicine and mechanistic evidence of acupuncture physiology. Medline Database TCM: Made in China. Medline Database Ginseng, Panax. MedlinePlus

Differences Between the Federalists and Jeffersonians

During the early formative years of our nation, George Washington and John Adams both opposed any development towards splitting politics into two divisions. The two early leaders thought of it to be very unconstitutional, stating that Americans need to set aside their differences and remain unified. However, the rapidly growing interests of north and south, rich and poor, and industry and agriculture were all tossed around until two major political groups were finally formed.The Federalist Party, led by Alexander Hamilton, who preferred urban life and supported northern efforts, envisioned that the new country’s federal government should have more power, and wanted it to be a replica of the British system. In addition, Hamilton strived towards the creation of national banks that would establish fiscal policy, use debt to establish credit, and regulate a national currency. However, opposing viewers feared that a stronger federal government would do nothing but wipe out the newl y born democracy.The opposing competitors such as the Jeffersonians led by Thomas Jefferson, who preferred rural life and spoke for southern efforts, believed that it would be more necessary to provide the majority of the power with the individual states. The Jeffersonians also believed that the creation of national banks was unconstitutional, and that it wasn’t permitted by our early forefathers. As differences continued to occur, Americans only saw the gap between the two political parties widening more and more.When it came to foreign policy, Jefferson and Hamilton both encouraged America to remain neutral and to not take sides. They wanted the country to build relationships with other nations, but also to stay clear of any international conflict. However, Jefferson thought that America should be helping the French efforts against the British, while Hamilton thought that war efforts should be targeted at helping their mother country of England defeat the French.As time wen t on, the differences between both parties only grew on and on. While Jefferson seized agriculture to be the backbone of the nation, Hamilton wanted the economy to be equally balanced between agriculture, trade, finance, and manufacturing. All in all, both men were very well educated. Even though they shared completely different political views, Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton both made enormous contributions in shaping the new nation, and expected nothing less than a wonderful future for the United States.

What The U.S. Can Learn From Japan Essays - Fiscal Policy, Payments

What The U.S. Can Learn From Japan Essays - Fiscal Policy, Payments What the U.S. can learn from Japan Japan and the Four Little Dragons in order to achieve their industrialization goals have a diverse set of policies ranging from limited entitlement programs to a education and government bureaucracy that stresses achievement and meritocracy. But one of the most significant innovations of Japan and the Four Little Dragons is there industrial policy which targets improving specific sectors of the economy by focusing R&D, subsidies, and tax incentives to specific industries that the government wants to promote. The United States could adopt some of these industrial policies to help foster emerging high tech businesses and help existing U.S. business remain competitive with East Asia. In Japan the government both during the Meiji period and the post World War II period followed a policy of active, sector selective industrial targeting. Japan used basically the same model during both historical periods. The Japanese government would focus its tax incentive programs, subsidies, and R&D on what it saw as emerging industries. During the Meiji period Japan focused it's attention on emulating western technology such as trains, steel production, and textiles. The Meiji leaders took taxes levied on agriculture to fund the development of these new industries. Following World War II Japanese industries used this same strategic industrial policy to develop the high-tech, steel, and car industries that Japan is known for today. Some American industries are currently heavily supported by the government through subsidies and tax breaks to farmers, steel producers, and other industries that have been hurt by foreign competition because they are predominantly low-tech industries. But this economic policy of the U.S. is almost a complete reversal of the economic policies of Japan and the Four Little Tigers; instead of fostering new businesses and high tech industry it supports out of date and low tech firms who have political clout. The existing economic policy of the United States fails to help high tech businesses develop a competitive advantage on the world market instead it stagnates innovation by providing incentives primarily to existing business. The structure of U.S. industrial policy like the structure of an advance welfare state has emphasized rewarding powerful lobbying groups and has not targeted emerging sectors of the economy. The current U.S. industrial policy is a distribution strategy and not a development strategy. Instead of this ad-hoc industrial policy the United States should follow Japan's model of strategic targeting of emerging technology. The U.S. instead of pouring its money into subsidies and tax breaks for failing low-tech industries should provide loans, subsidies and R&D money for firms that are producing high technology products. Unfortunately, there are several impediments to copying Japan's model: first, tremendous political pressure from interest groups forces politicians to give corporate welfare to failing established firms and not emerging firms. Second, it is difficult for a government to select which sectors of the economy it will target. But despite these obstacles the U.S. is now confronted with trading powers who have coordinated government programs to foster the development of new technology; in comparison the U.S. governments reliance on individual initiative and a lack of government support for new industries has allowed Japan and the Four Little Dragon's to catch up to the U.S. in the area of high technology. In the coming years the U.S. could not just lose its advantage but fall behind if it fails to redirect government subsidies from failing firms to emerging sectors of the economy copying Japan's industrial development model.

Emerging Standards of Care Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Emerging Standards of Care Paper - Essay Example The organization is committed to associate effective research in order to render beneficial healthcare services to the people as well as to keep them more informed regarding the quality of the organization’s healthcare services (Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, 2012). The organization is further well-known for its holistic role in the healthcare service through providing an effective healthcare support to people in various categories including culturally, linguistically diverse groups of people as well as the people with limited English proficiency (LEP) across various regions of the world (Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, 2012). The paper intends to define appropriate culturally competent care of AHRQ and identify the issue or vulnerability with regard to providing healthcare services for culturally diverse people. Furthermore, it will focus on identifying the affects towards delivery of nursing care in places where standards are being met and places whe re neglected. Culturally Competent Healthcare Service Culturally competent care can be recognized as an ability that the members of the organizations should have in terms of providing healthcare services to people from various cultures. ... healthcare services, AHRQ is considered as one of the major and leading healthcare organizations, which facilitates a range of healthcare plans for multi-ethnic members as well as develops the services for culturally and linguistically diverse people (Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, 2012). In the context of enhancing healthcare services, the organization is significantly involving its medical specialties according to the age group and culturally diversified patients. Moreover, AHRQ is further committed to develop its cultural sensitivity in order to refine the services according to the cultural trends. The cultural competence aspect of any healthcare institution may not involve the same process of treatment with which the organization treats its patients in very basic and typical ways. It is significantly focused on delivering higher customer value and understanding the various ways of satisfying a patient within the clinic, communicating with the clients in order to ensu re the best potential outcome of the organization. With the huge and rapid growth related to diversification in the US, communities considerably compel the organizations to identify the increasing opportunities that are available in the country. Therefore, the caregivers of the organizations are highly focused and dedicated on the culture and linguistic behaviors of the communities in terms of providing healthcare facilities. The utmost effort and effective healthcare services of the members are significantly enhancing the culturally competent care of AHRQ in the growing market of the US healthcare industry (Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, 2012). Served Population and Issues in the AHRQ AHRQ can also be considered as one of the three major organizations in terms of its position

In the instruction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

In the instruction - Essay Example Each of these components is essential when understand the information an image portrays. The ability to derive meaning from any image of everything we see—to write and read visual language— is known as visual literacy. It refers to being vision-competence a person can develop by viewing and while having and integrating the other sensory experiences. Developing these competencies is important to normal human learning since they allows a visually literate human being to discriminate and interpret visible objects, symbols, or actions that he or she encounters in the environment. By creatively using these competencies, the person is capable of communicating with others. Another form of literacy is new Literacies. These are digital literacies (online, phones, messaging, sms, and computers. New Literacies comprises of letters, symbols, sounds, colors, and graphics to extend our language and how we communicate. On the contrary, information Literacy refers to the ability to recognize what information is required, understand how that information is organized, find the best sources of the information for any given need, discover those sources, assess the sources analytically, and share that information. In simple terms, it is the know-how of universally used research

Job study (IT) Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Job study (IT) - Research Proposal Example The rainy days took away around 78,000 jobs in UK only. Today the IT requirement has clearly been categorized as special specialized IT jobs and IT enabled jobs. IT is more used as a generic term for professionals. The core IT companies address to areas like Project Management, Systems Design and Analysis, Software Coders/ Programmers, Database Administrator, Web Designer, Information System manager, GIS Managers etc. The IT User companies are most of the non-IT companies, who are using IT as a tool. A manufacturing unit is a classic example of IT User Company, who might use even an ERP, but uses IT as a tool for their business. The widely fast-growing segment is BPO (voice and non-voice), who are treated mainly as IT-enabled Company. IT jobs require a lot of personal attributes also, like attitude, intention of working as a team, motivation level, flexibility to learn, willingness of accepting challenges etc. Most of all your inspirations and aspirations. The future trend of skill requirement in IT companies are Unix, C, C++, Oracle, SQL, Java, .Net technology, Web Server, PHP Some of the Expert Support companies are Accenture, IBM or Logica. Oracle, Satyam, Sun, Infosys are some example of Software development companies The ERP specialists are Microsoft business solution, Oracle, SAP, and SSA Global. Rapid Change in technology has become a concern for many companies and they have started feeling the need of training people as per their project requirements. Companies are even recruiting non-computer engineers with high aptitude as Management trainees and imparting various training to them to make them project ready professionals. You will also find reputed institutes are offering...We have used the keywords for searching like Trend in IT, Job Opportunities in IT, Growth of IT in 2006 etc. We have also visited the sites of the Global IT companies and various job sites for research and data collection. The core IT companies address to areas like Project Management, Systems Design and Analysis, Software Coders/ Programmers, Database Administrator, Web Designer, Information System manager, GIS Managers etc. The IT User companies are most of the non-IT companies, who are using IT as a tool. A manufacturing unit is a classic example of IT User Company, who might use even an ERP, but uses IT as a tool for their business. IT jobs require a lot of personal attributes also, like attitude, intention of working as a team, motivation level, flexibility to learn, willingness of accepting challenges etc. Most of all your inspirations and aspirations. You will also find reputed institutes are offering "Project ready professional" training to bridge the gap between Universities and Industry Requirements. Several institutes are offering "technical skill" training. You may start at a lower level, which doesn't matter at all provided you get the right exposure and proper experience, because the salary hike in IT is directly proportionate to your experience and skill enhancement.

Plagiarism Excuse Essay Example for Free

Plagiarism Excuse Essay This letter is regarding the charge on violation of the University’s Student Code of Conduct. I comprehend that plagiarism is a crime, it is wrongful to copy some one else’s work or even idea without giving the author credit for his work. But, my assignments, term reports and coursework are never plagiarized not even a single bit, I always make it a point to cite my entire work appropriately. The reference list I have at the end of my coursework clearly reflects where I have taken my work from. However, my mistake this time was that I forgot to properly do in-text citation of the things I took directly from the author’s text; I should have put those lines that I copied directly from the author’s document in quotes and then should have cited it both internally and at the end of the paper. I comprehend that I made a mistake by forgetting to put the author’s words in quotes, but my intention was not to cheat or commit a crime. All of this happened completely unintentionally. The work pressure I was going through at the time of submission and continuous distraction by of clients and employees just made me feel sick and I completely forgot the basic requirements I had to fulfill in completing the paper. Sir, I am aware that the university is very strict regarding the rules it has towards plagiarism. I am not irrational and foolish enough to submit a plagiarized paper in college and ruin my future. I realize that it is better to shed tears for some time because of getting a bad grade in a course rather than weeping my entire life by submitting plagiarized work. I am a student who cares about his academic career and wants to achieve a lot of goals in life. I can be a motivated contributor to the university; I am even capable to become much more than that if I am provided with the opportunity. Please don’t take this away from me because of my one silly mistake which I committed by coincidence, this university has taught me how to be a better person and has changed me. I feel a part of it and the thought of being separated from it is so painful. I hope for your maximum cooperation as my future is in your hands! My life, my education, my respect in the eyes of my friends and colleagues is at stake and I may not able to digest any charge due to my silly mistake. I also fear that any action or charge against me will have a very negative effect on my health and business. Sir, Please consider my statement that I had no intention to plagiarize in any circumstances before taking any step against me as it is a matter of my whole life . All my life I have studied very hard , was a brilliant student in class and a good person with everyone . I assure to the disciplinary committee with full confidence that my future paper will not be affected by any personal and business issues and I will pay full attention to all the university’s disciplinary requirements. I also hope that the reasons I gave to proof myself innocent will be taken into consideration. Reference: Gilmore, B. (2008). Plagiarism: Why It Happens and How to Prevent It. Heinemann

Price elasticity income elasticity and cross elasticity

Price elasticity income elasticity and cross elasticity Explain the concept of elasticity of demand and discuss the factors that determine elasticity of demand. Distinguish between price elasticity, income elasticity and cross elasticity of demand and evaluate on their importance especially to businessmen. Solutions to Question 2 2.1: Concept of Elasticity of Demand Elasticity is a term that was initially developed by known economic scholar called Alfred Marshall, and has been since used in measuring the relationship that exists between product price and its quantity demanded. It typically followed the law of demand that states that the lower the price of goods and services, the higher the quantity that will be demanded of such goods and services i.e. it primarily explains only the actual directions of changes in the demand for the commodity, but not really explaining the extent of that change. A further development on these lapses led to the concept of elasticity of demands. In practical term, elasticity means the act of responsiveness. Meanwhile, elasticity of demand has been theoretically defined as the responsiveness of the actual quantity demanded of a product to the change in its actual price. E.K. Estham argued further that elasticity of demand could be defined as the measure of the degree of responsiveness of the quantity demanded to any small change in its price. This measure of the degree of responsiveness of the actual quantity demanded of a product to any changes in its price can be calculated with the use of the formula below: A good diagram to represent the established downward sloping curve of elasticity of demand could be seen as the incremental changes that are caused in the quantity that is demanded along the x axis, notably going in the opposite directions that are relative to these changes in the commodity price along the y axis. Below is figure 1 that aptly depicts the degree of responsiveness of demand due to changes in prices of the commodity: Thus, vivid observations of the above elasticity of demand complement the simple mathematical presentations of the elasticity of demand as presented above. Notably, the elasticity of demand is commonly expressed as Ed. Diagram 1 above indicates that depending on the actual responsiveness to any changes in prices of commodity, elasticity of demand could be either elastic or inelastic as seen described through the angles of the above demand curves. Importantly, economist have argued that the flatter these curves, the more elastic is the price of the commodity, meanwhile steeper curves will mean the more the price is inelastic. 2.2: Factors that determine elasticity of demand Below are the important factors that directly or indirectly influence the degree of demand to any small change in price: 1. Nature of the commodity Elasticity has been argued has primarily depending on if the actual commodity to be demanded is a basic necessity, a comfort or a luxury. This is because goods that fall under the basic necessities of life have been categorized as having inelastic demand, while those comforts and luxuries goods are categorized under the elastic demand. 2. Availability of the substitutes of goods or services Goods or services with available substitutes have been theoretically and practically argued and established as having elastic demand and those goods and services that are without available substitutes normally have inelastic demand. Good examples of these goods are coffee and tea that serve as substitutes to each other. They are substitutes because a change in the price of tea might make people to switch over to buying coffee. Alternatively, an increase in the price of coffee may also make people shift to buying tea. But a good example of inelastic good is salt because it has no substitute. 3. Uses and/or applications of the goods or services The usage of goods or services may affect its elasticity either elastic or inelastic. Good example is electricity, any decrease in its price will eventually led to consumers ability to make more use and further establishing electricity as having elastic demand curve. 4. Consumers proportion of the income that is spent on the commodity Practically we have noticed that the consumers can spend only a very small percentage of its income in buying such goods. Good example is salt and matches that normally take a very small percentage of consumers income, making them having inelastic demand curve. 5. The prices of goods Generally speaking, cheap goods and services normally have inelastic demand curve, while the expensive goods normally have elastic demand curve. 6. Income of the consumers Scholarly arguments have shown that the rich or high income earners normally have inelastic demand curves for their goods and services, while the poor or lower income earners normally have elastic demand curve. This is because he rich and high income earners will buy the goods and services at every levels of its prices, whereas the poor or lower income earners tends to change along the quantity of their consumptions due to changes in price. 7. Time period Evidence has shown that elasticity of demand would better occur in the long run production of the goods or services than at the short run. This is primarily because in the long run production and supply processes, the consumers could adjust to their individual demands by switching or trying cheaper substitutes. Industry evidence has shown that productions of the cheaper substitutes are only possible only at the long run operational processes. 8. Income and Wealth Distribution in the society The presence of unequal distributions of the national income would the demand for the goods and services to be relatively inelastic. Most advance countries that allow even distributions of their income and wealth will make possible elastic demand for its commodity. 2.3: Differences between price elasticity, income elasticity and cross elasticity of demand Below are the three types of elasticity:- Price elasticity Income elasticity is further divided into 3 i.e. Zero income elasticity of demand, Negative income elasticity of demand and Positive income elasticity of demand. Cross elasticity 1. Price Elasticity of demand Price elasticity of demand has been defined as the actual degree of responsiveness of the quantity that is demanded of a good or services in response to the changes in its actual price i.e. price elasticity of demand primarily measures how much of a change in actual price of any good that affects the demand for these goods or services, leaving all other factors to be constant. To calculate price elasticity, there is need to divide the proportionate of change in the quantity that is demanded by the proportion of change in the price. EP= Percentage change in the quantity demanded Percentage change in the price 2. Income elasticity Income elasticity of demand has been argued as measuring how much of a change in consumers income that affects the demand for such goods or services if its price and all other factors remained constant. Below is the formula for calculating income elasticity of demand: EY= Percentage change in the quantity demanded Percentage change in the income As divided into three, Zero income elasticity shows that a change in the consumers income will have no significant effect on the quantity that is demanded of such goods. Good examples are salts, matches and cigarettes. Next is negative income elasticity that shows that an increase in the incomes of consumers will lead to the decrease in the quantity that is demanded of such goods. This situation mostly occurs in inferior goods. Last is positive income elasticity that means an increase in the incomes of consumers will lead to the increase in quantity that is demanded of such goods. 3. Cross elasticity Cross elasticity of demand measures the actual change in the demand for commodity A due to the change in the price of commodity B. ED= Percentage change in the quantity that is demanded of commodity A Percentage change in the price of commodity B The above formula indicates that if the goods or services that have substitutes and cross elasticity are positive i.e. as above any increase in price of commodity X will finally result in the increase in sales of commodity Y. 2.4: Importance Elasticity of Demand to businessmen. As evident above, the concept of elasticity of demand has been playing a vital role in the decision making processes of the business world, especially as it relate to fixing commodity prices with the aim of making larger profits. Good example is if the cost of production tends to be increasing the company will want to pass this rising cost to the consumers through raising the price of the commodity. Practical examples have also shown that some companies do change their commodity price even without any visible change in the actual cost of their productions. But practically, whether the raising price is following any rise in the cost of production or otherwise has proved to be beneficial depends on the following situations: The actual price elasticity of the demand for such goods or ser product, i.e. the percentage change is subject to how high or low the proportionate changes in its actual demand relate to the percentage change in commodity price. The price elasticity of the demand is also very relevant for business in determining the value of their substitute, this is because when the commodity price increases the actual demand for the product substitutes also increases automatically even if the products prices generally remained unchanged. Businessmen are also able to know that increasing the price of their goods would only be beneficial if: The demand for their products is less elastic The demand for their products substitutes is also much less elastic. Finally, the usefulness of elasticity of demand also stands in its ability established the required quantitative relationships that exist between the quantity demanded of a product and its price or any other determinants of demand. Question 4: Discuss some of the characteristics of the Malaysian economy. Discuss some of its weaknesses and suggest some appropriate policy proposals to strengthen the economy in order to enable it to become a developed economy by 2020. Solution to Question 4: 4.1: Characteristics of the Malaysian economy. Malaysia is one of the countries located in the Southeastern Asia. The capital is called Kuala Lumpur. Malaysia comprised of two parts, one part is the Peninsular Malaysia and while the other is the East Malaysia which is called Malaysian Borneo. The Peninsular part has 11 states while the East Malaysia comprises of 2 states. Malaysian economy system is an open economy system; the economic involves domestic community and the international community. More so the economy is a state oriented market economy. The country has a fast growing economy. The economy was ranked 3rd largest among the south East Asian countries in 2007. Where Malaysia suited is a great advantage for its foreign trade. Malaysia GDP The Gross Domestic Product of Malaysia depends solely on its agricultural, manufacturing industries and the service sectors.  The agricultural sector contributed 9.7 % to the country GDP in 2007.   Also in the area of manufacturing industries it contributed 44.6% to the country and t of service sector contributed 45.7 % as well to the GDP. For the PPP (Purchasing Power Parity), the country is ranked 29th in the world. They have GDP growth rate of 20 % and it was realized towards the end of 20th century. In 2009 GDP of Malaysia was estimated US$ 207,400 billion PPP was calculated to be $ 3.9 billion. Malaysia Natural Resources Malaysia is rich natural resource, like agriculture, minerals and forestry. Most agricultural plant resources of Malaysia are rubber, pine apple, palm oil tobacco etc. The countrys economy In the area of Forestry, the loggings contributed a larger amount to the countrys economy. More so, in the plantation area is timber, rubber plant and palm tree. When we talk of minerals resources, Malaysia is a rich deposit of minerals like tin and petroleum. Sectors of Malaysia Economy Malaysian Industries Mining Industry: Malaysian Economy Malaysia mining industry has contributed a lot to the economy through the export of mine products. The most important ones are oil, gas and tin. Malaysia was ranked has the worlds largest producer of tin in 1980. The sea transportation was easy because the mine is located in location of the mines in the peninsular Malaysia. Crude oil production and natural gas has increased to a higher level over the last few years. In 1999, the overall production of petroleum reached 693,000 barrels. Production of liquefied natural gas was estimated to be 3.8 billion cubic feet. There are major oil refiners in Malaysia Manufacturing Industry : Malaysian Economy In Malaysia there are many developed manufacturing industries. The manufacturing industries of Malaysia are, electronics manufacturing industries, furniture manufacturing industries and Food processing industries etc. In the sector of manufacturing, the country is ranked in the 23rd position in the world countries. Malaysian Services Malaysian Tourism: Malaysian Economy Malaysia in the sector of tourism was ranking the 9th position in the world. The common tourism locations in Malaysia are Kuala Lumpur, Sabah, Perlis, Malacca, Terengganu etc Banking and Finance: The bank Negara Malaysia is in charge of finance sector. Master Plan was introduced in 2001 after the 1999 financial crisis and this gave more room for to Islamic banking. May Bank is said to be the largest bank in Asia Pacific that practice Islamic Banking. However Malaysian government plan to give licensure to more sectors by the end of 2010 to improve the opportunities of Islamic Banking. 4.2: Some Weaknesses in Malaysian economy. 4.2.1: Political Weakness In Malaysia Malay half of the population holds the constitutionally position in society, and this a kind of discrimination among the three race, this is not only in jobs but in wealth as well. Controversial Internal Security Act (ISA), give room for detention without trial, has been abuse by the government on many occasions with intention of quelling unrest. More so, some of the detentions government used it to oppress the government opposition. BMI Political Risk Ratings The Malaysias short-term political risk rating (STPR) of 80.2 shows higher compared to other regional country like Indonesia, Philippines and Thailand. As the opposition to Pakatan Rakyat always challenges the BN coalition being witnessed in the defeat of the 2010 budget bill in parliament in 2009, the people thought that general political stability will be maintained. However, it is encourage that Malaysia was able to maintain a peaceful political environment, but this all depend on Prime Minister Najib Razaks his straight to encourage unity in the nation with diverse ethnicity and faiths. 4.2.2: Economic Weakness Malaysias is becoming importer of oil in the next few years, Malaysia Economic openness will be as much of a burden as a benefit, because of it confirmations of a high level of vulnerability to global growth and capital flows. The taxes collected on oil contribute over 40% of the states revenues despite the fact that it was expected to become a net oil importer by the beginning of 2011. Because the government had difficult in having alternative income, this will make hard for the governments function perfectly and maintain economic development, which is potentially leading to stagnate economy. BMI Economic Risk Ratings In the previous quarterly report Malaysias STER rating has being declining to be 73.5. And still Malaysia is still in the respectable V-shaped recovery of 4.1% now the 2009.The actual GDP growth is1.7%), never the less Malaysia is exposed to a Chinese double-dip slowdown, most especially if Beijing was unable to diffuse the satisfactorily recent property bubble in the near future. Malaysia in addition, has a huge fiscal deficit that is over 7% of GDP in the year 2009 and this has bring the LTER rating down to 72.6. 4.2.3: Business Environment Weakness The country will keep price subsidization will a peripheral and it has become part of the economy system or economy life of Malaysia. Some of the big construction project and contract for foreign firm are all under the domain of formal Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamed so they are not directly connected to the government. In order words engaging in businesses in the country will always mean doing businesses with the politically connected people. BMI Business Environment Risk Ratings Furthermore, in (BER) Business Environment Rating Malaysia scores over average which is 63.4 but the score was dragged down because of the comparatively low score of 55.3 for the Infrastructure subcomponent like public transportation, mean while, in 2009 a reduction in the amount of red tape boosted the Institutions subcomponent to a score of 66.9 from 59.4. 4.3: Some policy proposals to strengthen Malaysian economy. There is a recommendation policy which must be followed accompanied with this, is other improvements in the economy. Firstly there should be huge notification should be on diversification. Most of the Malaysias export markets focused on technology sector and electronics which are vulnerable to global slumps in demand, mostly the US, the US are major exporter of Malaysian goods. Opening trade of a country economy is an important factor to decide a kind of exchange rate system that is desirable. If any country relies on trade, the fixed exchange rates provide stability in the market economy. Anyway, when having the exchange rate fixed does not mean the economy will remain competitive in foreign trade when some other countries are faced with inflation. Never the less it resulted to the second element, the inflation rates. The inflation rate of the trade partner is relevant factor so as the inflation of domestic inflation with the fixed rate; in order words the approach is not straightforward. So it is better for the country to remain with the fixed rate to avoid inflation tendency in the economy. Another recommendation is labor market flexibility which is used to determine which exchange is better in a given period of time. In this respect if there is flexibility in the labor market, the fixed exchange system work better. There must be flexible labor market and flexible exchange rate in order to avoid unemployment because of the output shock. Further more, the degree of financial development of the country is important. So when a country seems to be financially underdeveloped, fixed exchange rate is better to avoid urge effects of foreign speculation. Lastly is how to decide on which exchange rate system is better, and the mobility of capital. Mean while, it is better for exchange rate to be flexible when the capital mobility is high. Observation, Malaysias decision in pegging its currency to the dollar seems adequate. With solid financial institutions and credible policymakers, it would be adequate, as well transforming to a flexible exchange rate system. Concludsivly, easing the changings Malaysia will have to persistently implement consistent macroeconomic policies so as to maintain financial stability and sustainable fiscal and external positions. Question 7: Elaborate what you understand by deficit financing. What are its limitation as an instrument of economic development. Assuming that you are the economic advisor to the prime minister and he/she ask for your recommendations to eliminate a federal deficit, what would you recommend? Solution to Question 7: 7.1: Elaborate what you understand by deficit financing. What do we mean by deficit financing this is a strategy or ways to management of money which when spending is more than collected at the same period of time. In order words this is referred to budget deficit, this approach is used in business that is small, household budgets, in corporations and also in, governments sector mostly in all the level. If deficit financing is used in the right way it will help to launch a chain of the event and this will help in financing situation instead of any debt may cause problem or difficult to pay. Mostly common or know example of government deficit financing is how the government stimulate the economy of that country or nation to put a stop to any recession that country is facing. The government has a set aside a plan which will involved using borrow resources to purchase, the government can use different strategy like increasing demand output for product in all business sector of that nation. It also helps in the motivation of many business in o rder for them to hire more employees and it will reduced the level of unemployment in the country during the period of recession. Further more, the consumer confidence and trust will be restored in the market place because of the safe transformation, and these make it safe for the buyer to buy more goods and services. If the economy of a country in closely looked into and the deficit financing is carefully monitored, it will bring back economy stability in the country over short period of time like few month or few years. Deficit spending in economic does not only occurred in the government sector only but also in all business as well A company may plan to spend a certain amount of money as a kind of upfront thinking that they will be able to generate the fund back for investment .An investor or company owner may decide to buy a new machine for the company production with the hope that a new machine will hasten and make the production of goods in a less period of time with larger unit of goods, and with less cost. This kind of idea or strategy in business help the business to flourish and the manufacturer will be able to pay off his debt and have budget surplus instead of deficit, the owner of the business will be debt free and enjoy the surplus. 7.2: The limitations of Deficit financing being an instrument of economic development. In any given economy, the government normally embarked many projects that assisted it in generating the desired economy outputs both in investment and other capital projects. If the government prints more money out it will cause inflation in that economy and this situation usually affected the poor people in that society. The rich will be richer and the poor will be poorer. The buyer straight will be reducing to greater level and the businessmen profit margin will increase. In any society there is always the people that have and those who do not have so any increase made in price domestics goods leads to importation of cheap goods and the domestic goods high price will reduced the export. This in turn leads to adverse in balance of payments. Never the less this will affect the cost of the production because the raw material used in process of production has being increased, so the goods will be increased as well, perhaps it will definitely reflect on foreign investment, it will be le ss attracted by other country. Good example is figure 3 below that aptly depict government spending in OECD countries: Source: OECD (2010). Listed below are the disadvantages of deficit financing and some other cogent reasons to be alert about a National debt. The interest Payment In a society people do not lend to the government with the charity. Government must pay interest on every debt they are involved in just like any one in the society, it was recorded that last year government spent the sum of  £31 billon on interest payments alone. Looking at this in a perspective manner it will equate to 15 p on income tax. This amount is more than what UK spends on National Defense. The government borrowing for the year 2007/08 going to be  £42 billion same amount the government pays in interest. The Crowding Out effects The government debt always affect the private sector because they sell bond to the private sector in order for the government to borrow money and this in turn lead to less private investment because the government has bombard them with the bonds. Also the private spending is more efficient than the government level of spending because the government result to inefficient spending .this is what we called crowing out, the private investor is crowded out with government bonds because the government needs to borrow The financial crowding out The financial crowding out is when the government want to borrow large sum of money and they tried to increase the interest rate on bonds in order to attract many lender. The bonds rate is increased this will definitely put pressure on the interest rate generally, in order words this increase in the interest rate will affect the economy of that country because people will reduced their way of spending, investment level will be low and later run the economy growth will be low. The tax rises for the future. The tax rises for the future look into how the public sector debt is being paid. Any increasing public sector debts indicated that the future taxpayer will be the one to bear the burden by paying the bill. No matter the situation of the public sector debt reduced or not, the future taxpayer will be the one to pay the interest on the debts. Further this will a problem because, has it was mentioned above, changing of demographics show that government finances is usually placed under pressure, though without borrowing from at that moment of time. Limits Fiscal Policy In a normal situation the government should be able expand the fiscal policy in a situation where the economy is facing problem or recession. When a government has urge public debt they tried to reduced the scope by lowering tax in order to enhance demand. Then government must increase taxes and cut their spending in order to meet up with the budget .this is advisable because of the existing problems in the market economy. 7.3: Suggested recommendations to eliminate a federal deficit   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In summary, I like to recommend these three-step formulas for prosperity: 1) Elimination of federal taxes. It will good to cancel government taxes because when the citizen gives money to the government is just like throwing coals to Newcastle. Government is the maker of money, they are the producer that has no limitation to their production. . When the citizen sends taxes to the government, they just used it to pay debt. When you send your tax money to the government, the government simply uses it to pay down debt. When paying down debt it destroys the economy money in a given society. In order words taxes damaged money in the society.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   More so, the federal tax system is a waste of resources, it will be good if the government can spend the billions of dollars spent on compliance on production of useful goods for citizen and this will ease the problem of the economy and the people.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The first suggested tax that should be eliminated is; the Medicare taxes and Social Security taxes. These will be politically popular; also regressive taxes directly impact businesses on low and the middle income people. That politician that ends FICA will becomes a hero.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This will give federal government the opportunity to create money to support retirement and health care sector. 2) Elimination of federal borrowing. Government being a producer of money, an established government will not need to borrow money. These are inefficient; they are harmful, the exercise which provides no economic benefit. The Federal government borrowing provides semantic impression that government is in debt, and people it find repugnant.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  If there no borrowing; there would not be debt. 3) Establishing a national, money-supply goal. It is good to organize a congress, a congress that will look into the checking account called money created, They will add money to this account when needed. They will write checks and make a kind of transfers from the Money Created account in payment for all goods and services.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This will be the suggested system for federal money creation in our economy. The congress will be the one to determine on how much money to be added to the Money Created account, however giving Congress power over money creation. Thus, the Federal will continue to control the interest rates and inflation.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The congress will spend what is necessary on retirement, the military health care, crime prevention, education, the infrastructure, and other national needs.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The country will be free the tyranny of semantics and the problem of federal debt. This society prosper has rapid growth in their economy. Question 8: What are the constraints normally countries face in achieving a sustainable economic growth. What are the merits and demerits of attempting to achieve a faster growth rate in this country. Solution to Question 8: 8.1: Constraints facing the achievement of a sustainable economic growth. As evident in existing literatures that sustainable literally means ability of a system to endure and last long. So, sustainable economic growth means an economic development that is able to last longer! According to late David Pearce who happen to be one of the best environmental economists in his generation, states that sustainable economic growth primarily indicates that each of the generation should be able to pass on much of its capital as inheritance to its coming generations, under this Pearce approach he defined capital as including physical capital like machineries and infrastructures, also intellectual capitals like knowledge and technology and lastly environmental capitals like environmental qualities and stocks of the natural resources. This sustainable growth is what the world is witnessing from the groups of emerging economies have been trying all within them to continue to excel, particularly China and India that have remained as major drivers of the recent global expansions. But, evidence has shown that while the recent global growth outlook seems more positive, I will like to use this opportunity to mention that there are major four constraints which could threaten the sustainable growth of any country, i.e.:  Ã‚  Ã‚   The prices of Oil   the unpredictable increase in the prices of oil by producing countries have always been tried to remedy by both the OECD and its other sister organizations such as International Energy Agency all working very add to help many countries in addressing their short and long-term growth challenges as a result of sudden increase in energy prices, problems or fluctuations in security of supply and other alternative sources.   If not properly curtailed globally, fluctuations in oil prices could significantly impede economic growth of countries. External imbalances in trades The imbalances in current accounts of trading partners across the globe has reached an unprecedented levels especially between countries like the US, Japan, China, and some other Asian coun