The Effect of Divorce on Children Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Effect of Divorce on Children - Essay Example However, it is only a minority of them who have long-term problems (Burke, Mclntosh and Gridley; Divorce- Effects On Children). Thus the impact can be viewed from an optimistic as well as from a pessimistic viewpoint. Optimists view divorce as an end to marital stress and problems and that both parents and children would benefit from the process as the single parent can remarry to a more suitable partner and provide a secure family to the child. Pessimists view the process as highly challenging for the single parent as it could be difficult to make the child completely understand the situation and accept another family (Evans et al). Research evidences support the pessimistic view point that states that divorce does have a negative impact on the child. The age of the children who are involved also plays a vital role when considering the actual effects of divorce. In Australia during the period 1991-2001, there has been a steady rise in the number of children going through parental di vorce. While it was 46, 700 in 1991, the number of children in 2001 was approximately 53,400 (Measures of Australia’s progress). ... Children who live in single-mother household, which is becoming more common after divorce off-late (Divorce- Effects On Children), experience difficulties in getting suitable education and work compared to children from two-parent families (Evans et al; Funder and Kinsella; Children and Divorce). This is mainly attributed to reduction of resources as a result of which children are unable to attain their full potential. Those who do not achieve good education tend to have lower self-esteem which in turn forces them to leave home which often results in quicker marriage and thus an overall lower fulfilling achievement in life (Funder and Kinsella). Thus success or failure in education tends to affects the overall quality of life of the child. Hence this is considered to be an important effect due to divorce (Evans et al). The various effects that divorce has on children are summarized below. Economic effects As it is common in many countries for children to live with their mothers after their parents divorce, there is a definite lack of resource when compared to the pre-separation situation despite assistance from fathers and other sources, according to certain reports. Lack of sufficient resources would prevent the child from developing into a more competent individual as they might not get the required educational and social exposures (Funder and Kinsella). According to a report by Evans et al, children coming form divorced families get half a year less education compared to those coming from intact families. Such an effect is mainly attributed to loss of parental guidance and emotional and economic support (Evans et al). Increase of family income through a step-father helps to stabilize the economic status; however it

Training Programme for Production Manager Assignment

Training Programme for Production Manager - Assignment Example Top-Toy AS is a multinational company headquartered in Denmark with offices and outlets in Finland. This company produces and markets toys in many countries. In order to reduce manufacturing/production costs Top-Toy AS has moved its production of some toys to China. Top-Toy AS has also begun a new policy of shipping its products directly to its distributors in various countries rather than to Denmark to eliminate some of the costs of getting the product to market. Top-Toy has positioned a manager in China to facilitate communication between its headquarters and the manufacturing plant in China. One of the tasks of the China based manager is to help establish Top-Toy's global organizational culture that has made Top-Toy so successful in other markets. The managerial position in China is a three-year posting of an employee from either the Denmark headquarters or their Finland branch. This is a highly sought after post because it increases the value of the employee to Top-Toy AS and alm ost assures that employee a promotion upon their return to Europe. Top-Toy AS's challenge has been to set up an appropriate training programme for prospective managers. The prospective manager chosen for the next three year rotation is Finland native Frans Gustafsson (hypothetical character). Frans is a thirty-five year old married man with two young sons. Frans attended university in the United Kingdom and holds an MA degree. His native language is Finnish and he also has a good command of the English language. Frans' wife Hanna and his two sons Bo and Luukas will accompany him on his rotation. He has one year before his rotation begins and must use that time wisely to prepare. Frans is in luck! Top-Toy AS has developed a training programme for its managers. Frans will complete the training programme with an alternate candidate (chosen in case Frans can't go) who is first in line for the following rotation. The men's wives have been invited to attend various portions of the training programme as well. The first issue to be addressed are the language skills the Fran's will need to communicate with his Chinese counter parts. Both couples were provided with a programme called "RosettaStone level one Chinese that claims that you can "Learn a language naturally with Dynamic Immersion" (Rosetta Stone website). Both couples were also enrolled in an intensive Chinese language and culture course at the University of Helsinki. A very important part of the course at the university is a study in the cultural differences that exist when conducting business. Frans, and the others, were encouraged to focus on the cultural differences that exist between Chinese workers and Scandinavian workers. In China, managerial relationships with workers have traditionally focused on relationships and family backgrounds. The factory took care of your family while you worked hard for the factory (Su Yi, pg 1.). In contrast, western European managerial/worker relationships are based upon qualifications, compete ncy, and performance. Fran's, and the others, have to learn how to effectively manage in the Chinese workplace. Frans, and his alternate, will communicate frequently with the current manager in China to get a feel for the managerial style that is currently being used at the factory. Both

Critically analyse two of the theories that seek to explain the Essay

Critically analyse two of the theories that seek to explain the relationship between people and technology - Essay Example According to the determinists, human beings are directed by the technology, and cannot decide on how the technology will be used. In other words, the society is influenced by the technology. Another important perspective is sustantivism which suggests that human beings are enframed by technology. Human beings also lose their will if they become attached to the technological systems. This perspective shapes different institutions including the political systems, culture and social structure. The perspective further holds that technology has its own independent values, which human beings cannot be able to change. This paper examines the social construction of technology and actor network theory. According to Gad and Jensen (2009), this theory rejects the determinists’ perspectives that the society is influenced by the technology. The concepts of this theory are well described in an article titled, the social construction of technology: structural considerations. The writers of this article, Klein and Kleinman (2002) observe that the first component of the SCOT theory is interpretive flexibility. According to Klein and Kleinman (2002), this concept is borrowed from the empirical program of relativism and suggests that artifacts are products of intergroup negotiations. The second component is the relevant social group concept. According to this component, social groups share same values and characteristics. In this regard, different social groups can differ on how a particular technology works, but in the end they come into a consensus. The third component of this theory is closure and stabilization. According to this component, multi-group processes occur until a cons ensus is reached, and stabilization is facilitated by the rhetorical closure and closure by definition. Rhetorical closure occurs when all problems are eliminated while closure by definition happens when the problem is redefined until it poses no more

Nurse Practice in NYS versus Florida State Assignment

Nurse Practice in NYS versus Florida State - Assignment Example A noteworthy provision in NPAs is the creation of nursing boards that govern nursing practices in every state. NPAs were not in existence before 1903, hence, before this period, people practiced nursing in whichever manner they wanted. Before this period, quality care to patients was not taken into consideration, thus, the birth of Nurse Practice Acts was a boost towards quality patient care in the US (Fulton, 2010). NYS Nurse Practice Act Established in 1948, the NYS NPA governs nursing procedures in the state. Section 6902 of the Act defines the practice of nursing as a profession of treating and diagnosing people with actual health problems. It further stipulates that registered nurses ought to be licensed when conducting tasks pertaining to health counseling, health teaching and provision of restorative and supportive care (Fulton, 2010). a) License Requirements Anyone using the title of ‘Registered Nurse’’ is expected to get a certificate from the NYS Educati on Department, and to receive the practice certificate in the state, one must meet the education requirements as stipulated by the department. Furthermore, one must have a registered NYS license that indicates that he/she is a registered nurse. A registered nurse in NYS is expected to specialize in a particular area before a license can be offered. Currently, there are many specialty areas in nursing including Adult Health, Community Health, College Health, Gerontology, Family Health, Neonatology, Pediatrics, Holistic Care, Obstetrics, Gynecology, Palliative Care, Psychiatry and Perinatology (Fulton, 2010). However, one may be authorized to practice in more than one specialty. Before one can be authorized to practice in more than one specialty, one is required to obtain a certificate of every specialty that shows that he/ she has met the set educational requirements. Once the authorization has taken place, one is expected to maintain the professional nurse license and the RN certifi cate. Certificate fees in each RN specialty area amount to $85, $50 being the application fee and $35 being the initial registration fee. However, these fees are subject to change. Applicants are required not to send fee in the form of cash, but instead they are required to mail their fees and applications to the NYS Education Department. All practitioners who have been licensed are expected to adhere to the NYS NPA rules of conduct. These rules are well defined in the Education Law which has highlighted clearly all definitions of professional and unprofessional conduct. The laws, rules and regulations for RN in NYS are all contained in Title 8 of the NYS Education Law. Therefore, every licensee is governed by these rules and laws (Bullough, 2004). b) Education Requirements and Training Before certification as a NYS RN, one is expected to satisfy the education requirements that are stipulated in the NYS Education Law. One is expected to meet the criteria of section A or section B or section C ,and in addition to this one, must meet requirements for section D. Criteria A requires that one must complete a NP educational program as offered by the NYS Education Department. Criteria B allows one to be a practitioner if there is certification of nursing practice from any of the following; American Academy of Nurse Practitioners, American Nurses Credentialing Center,

HPV and Oropharyngeal Cancer in Men Research Paper

HPV and Oropharyngeal Cancer in Men - Research Paper Example Seppa (2011) explains that though the virus was previously believed to infect women and not men, observations, in history, have indicated high rates of infection among men. This means that while the infection was previously ‘non-existent’ in men, or otherwise previously not detected in men, cases of viral infections have increasingly been reported among men to an extent that men are now equally vulnerable to the viral infection as women are. Further research has also proved that varieties of types of the HPV virus are sexually transmitted and hence the infection in men that occurs during contacts in sexual interactions. As a result, the viral infection in men is not a recent emergence, but has either been existed in history without being noticed, or has taken some time to rise from a zero prevalence rate to its current prevalence rate that equals the rate among women. The history of the relationship between HPV and Oropharyngeal Cancer in men has also been significantly reported with an increasing trend in men bellow fifty years of age. Marur et al. explains that the cancer has particularly been increasing among the category of men in the past years (2010). The authors particularly relate the cancer to â€Å"human papillomavirus 16 infection† (p. 781). ... Research developments that have revealed the extent of vulnerability of men with respect to Oropharyngeal cancer have also identified HPV as an increasingly developing risk factor towards Oropharyngeal cancer infections (D'Souza, G., & Dempsey, A. 2011). Statement of problem This paper seeks to discuss significant research and data that has been developed over HPV and Oropharyngeal Cancer in men with the aim of exploring HPV as a contemporary issue facing nurse practitioners and established relationship between HPV and Oropharyngeal Cancer in men. The paper will also research into the role of nurse practitioner with respect to HPV and Oropharyngeal Cancer in men. Literature review The general perception that has in the past existed that HPV infections are associated with women and not men is still felt as little research has been conducted to understand men’s opinions and knowledge over the infection. A research conducted by Brewer et al. indicated that a majority of men have not yet understood the relationship between HPV infections and cancer. In the research that sought to establish the perception among heterosexual men and homosexual men, the authors established that men are oblivious of the possible infections that are associated with HPV. Only about 40 percent of the respondents, for example, were aware that HPV could lead to genital warts. Similarly, less than a quarter of the respondents were aware that HPV could cause either anal cancer or oral cancer. There is therefore a high level of ignorance over the relationship between HPV and Oropharyngeal Cancer in men. Though a significant majority of the respondents associated sexual interactions with infections such as â€Å"genital warts and anal cancer,† they did not specifically identify the

TEXTBOOK-Brinkley, American History, Connecting with the Past, Volume Essay - 2

TEXTBOOK-Brinkley, American History, Connecting with the Past, Volume II, McGraw Hill CHAPTER 15 - Essay Example Presidents Lincoln and Johnson were of varying opinions that the war was to restore the stateliness of the mess up states. Due to the challenges faced in this process, Lincoln employed the military to not only reconquer the states, but also to regain the status of these states. The treacherous citizens were pardoned in that case, and Lincoln made voters take the oath of Liberation Proclamation (445). Andrew Johnson, an ex- slave possessor was of a low opinion on the blacks and that they should hold the low positions in the society. In this case, Johnson planned to restore the South by proclaiming reprieve on certain classes in the society, those of high class (444). Nothing much maturated from the 13th amendment on abolishing slave trade. Later, the Congress was to design its own plan of reconstruction that touched on the 14th amendment. This amendment according to Brinkley defined citizenship, and was to allow the African Americans part of the state (421). The blacks were also protected from the interference from the state and advocated for reduced representation in the states with disfranchising future supporters. In regard to this amendment, the State and federal nationality for all persons was in simple terms reinstated in spite of an individual’s race either born or naturalized in USA (438). Analysts and researchers argue that the process of reconstruction would have been easier if President Johnson would have accepted the amendment’s measures. However, Johnson was of the opinion that the constitution and the white supremacy would be in subordinated. He, therefore, worked towards defeat of the southern states and establishing a radical Republican Party (415). Historians are justified in calling this period the darkest period of American History since the move by Johnson not only undermined human existence, but also deprived them the right to be at liberty like other humans. If I was in power, I would have definitely put in place

Databases Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Databases - Assignment Example The pitcher statistics are strikeouts, walks, saves, innings, pitched, earned runs, wins and losses. An entity is in the first normal form if it contains no repeating sets of data. Similarly the above attributes contain several repeating attributes. Walks for example are found within the pitcher and the hitter. This wastes a lot of space in the data base. To normalize the ERD into INF we eliminate the redundant data. In 2NF we further normalize the diagram and include foreign keys. These foreign keys are items that are used as primary key in other attributes. The awayteamID for example was used in 1NF as the primary key for the Awayteam. It is therefore introduced into the game attribute as a foreign key When we develop the 3NF we ensure that there is no redundancy. The relationship between player and batting is one to many. This means that a player can play for only one team at a time. The relationship between a team and a player is many to one meaning that many players can batt. Marston, T. (2004, September 30). The Relational Data Model, Normalisation and effective Database Design. Retrieved February 27, 2015, from Tony Marston: