The Most Important Book of My Reading Life

The Most Important Book of My Reading Life This is a guest post by our current Rioter in Residence, Kevin Smokler. Kevin  is the author of the essay collection  Practical Classics: 50 Reasons to Reread 50 Books you Haven’t Touched Since High School  (available now from Prometheus Books) and the editor of  Bookmark Now: Writing in Unreaderly Times, A San Francisco Chronicle Notable Book of 2005. His work has appeared in the LA Times, Fast Company, Paid Content, The San Francisco Chronicle, Publishers Weekly and on National Public Radio. Follow him on  Twitter  @weegee. _________________________ And The Band Played On by Randy Shilts, the definitive look at the first decade of the AIDS epidemic, was published in 1987. Shilts, national correspondent of the San Francisco Chronicle and the paper’s first openly gay staff member, had spent four years in research and reporting, accruing personal debt and publisher rejection. Today And the Band Played On has sold nearly a million copies, won fistfuls of awards, and was made into an HBO movie in 1993. In an assessment, historian Gary Wills wrote, “This book will be to gay liberation what The Feminine Mystique was to early feminism and Rachel Carsons Silent Spring was to environmentalism. It is also the most important book of my reading life. Had I not woken up, I would have missed it entirely. In the fall of 1993, I was twenty years old, a junior in college, hacking my way through a particularly cold autumn in Baltimore. I had declared my major “Writing Seminars,” which is just “creative writing” said with pretension. Reading was an activity assigned by professors, and reading for fun I had given up nearly 6 years before. I had loved books my entire life, but arriving at a hyper-competitive high school and being a hyper-ordinary teenage boy, I was more interested in my friends and girls and looping around town in a used Volvo I had inherited along with a learner’s permit. I also was angry that, thanks to the educators who looked out for me, books had gone from something fun to something assigned, dissected, and term-papered upon. I was mad at them for it and, by extension, mad at books. I was an idiot and a brat. In that cold autumn of 1993, my roommates were busily looking at medical school catalogs and preparing a confident march into the next phase of their lives. I had no idea what mine would be. Terrified of the end of school only eighteen months away, I had no time for any book or anything else that didn’t hold the answer to my future. I was lonely, confused, and scared. I had grown up with AIDS on the nightly news. Rock Hudson had already died from the disease, as had Queen lead singer Freddie Mercury, a personal hero. Rudolph Nureyev and Arthur Ashe had perished from it earlier that year. The HBO movie of And the Band Played On had just been released. I had not seen or heard of it. In early November, shortly after midterm exams, a friend loaned me the book. I do not remember why. In fact I remember little other than her saying, “You must read this” and “it’s easy. The chapters are short,” which was true. When I gave the usual argumentsâ€"too busy, lack of interest, mystification at reading being pleasure and not punishmentshe looked at me and asked something no one had before or has since. “I’m asking you to read this, to make time. This book is that important to me.” What she was really saying was, “If we are as good of friends as we say we are, read this. You will understand who I really am.” I set down the huge, intimidating book next to my bed, about the size and thickness of a TV dinner, and did as I was asked. I read one chapter, two to five pages, each night. Sometimes only a paragraph before the excuses came.   Finishing took the remainder of the school year and the first few weeks of summer. I did not fail out of school, nor did I miss out on anything I thought I should be doing instead. The book did not hold the answer to my future, but when I finished, through the anger, the shock, and the sorrow, what I said, out loud to the same empty room where my friend had first handed me the book, was this. “This is what I’ve been missing.” I have not stopped reading since. I owe And the Band Played On and Randy Shilts my whole adult life. This book has played some part in why I became a writer, why I live in San Francisco, why I value the written word the way that I do. More than that, it reminds me that we live our lives amongst others, and we may share nothing with them but our common makeup as a species. I was not an AIDS sufferer and didn’t know any AIDS sufferers. I was too young to understand the extent of the injustice being perpetrated against those who had the disease in the time period Randy Shilts covered. I found out about the displaying of the AIDS Quilt on the Mall in Washington in 1996 the day after it happened. Still, I reread And The Band Played On every few years. I’ve given every important person in my life a copy. It is the only answer I have for my most important book. And were it up to me, every high school student would be given a copy too, so they can witness its power and that of books without the same ignorance and resentment of them I had. And each year, I leave a copy of it at the AIDS Memorial Grove in San Francisco in honor of Randy Shilts, who perished from the disease in 1994. We are all busy people who must make time to read. It is worth asking why we would spend our time reading 650 pages on a disease three decades old that still kills hundreds of thousands of people a year, but who are now mostly poor, brown, and far away, people we will never know. My best answer: I believe that great literature (and music, and film, and theater) is exhilarating no matter how sad its subject. It reminds us of the bottomlessness of human creativity and passion, of what we can accomplish, of how rich our stories are, of genius like Randy Shilts’, and of how great books can free us from our own sillier, smaller selves. Like a thaw after a long winter, great books  remind us of what it means to be alive.   Every time I reread And the Band Played On, even all these years later, I need that reminding more. This piece was adapted from Kevin Smoklers Practical Classics, available now. 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Essay on Sustainability - 1473 Words

Sustainability Max Weber believed in the power of an idea. This political theorist discussed how Calvinism was one idea that perpetuated the rise of capitalism. Few people ever examine the power of an idea, but if one examines and contemplates this theory, a realization comes across: that ideas drive society. The key premise is that some values of our society must be altered in order to avert catastrophic consequences. The way of life in developed countries is the origin of many of our most serious problems(Trainer, 1985). Because developed countries have high material living standards and consume massive quantities of all resources, hundreds of millions of people in desperate need must go without the materials and energy that could†¦show more content†¦The environment is in danger from our pursuit of affluence. Serious worries come from predictions about the atmosphere. The burning of fossil fuels will raise temperatures and result in climatic effects. Rising temperatures could have horri fic effects. First of all, food production could seriously be imperiled even by increases of only one degree celcius. If the temperature should increase by five degrees scientists predict the coastal island nations would be submerged and possibly trigger the next ice age. Another environmental concern deals with the soil. Our agricultural practices disregard the value of recycling food waste. Also, the use of pesticides and chemicals in agriculture lead to the poisoning of the soil and topsoil loss through erosion. Yields per acre for grain are falling and we do not produce food in ways that can be continued for centuries(Trainer, 1985). Even more disturbing is the deforestation of rainforests. This results in the extinction of many species, concentration of carbon dioxide, the loss of many potential medical breakthroughs, and possibly the disruption of rainfall. Opponents of the deforestation fail toShow MoreRelatedSustainability And The On Sustainability1016 Words   |  5 Pages Sustainability â€Å"Sustainability refers to the long-term maintenance of brass according to environs al, economic and sociable considerations† (Crane Matten, 2010). Now a twenty-four hours, sustainability has become a part of our everyday lives or in business sector. There are some laws and policy that every business administration must follow the triple tail course also known as sustainability account. In triple bottom line, every brass must stress on three P’s namely profit / economy, people /societyRead MoreSustainability : Sustainability And Environmental Sustainability1625 Words   |  7 PagesSustainability is a topic that has become very important in recent years. Sustainability is defined as, â€Å"the ability to continue a defined behavior indefinitely.† (Finding and Resolving the Root Causes of the Sustainability Problem, 2014) There are three pillars that make up overall sustainability: social, economic, and environmental sustainability. Social sustainability focuses on all human needs being met and a society functioning properly indefinitely. Economic sustainability is achieving aRead MoreThe Sustainability, Economic Sustainability And Social Sustainability1861 Words   |  8 PagesSustainable and Sustainability are used to describe many different approaches for improving our life. Sustainability is about people and culture, our environment, jobs or countries. Could be defend as an ability or capacity of something to be maintained or to sustain itself. It s about taking what we need to live now. There is many departments of sustainability but the main are three environmental sustainability, economic sustainability and social sustainability. The term sustainability in a businessRead MoreThe Sustainability, Economic Sustainability And Social Sustainability1860 Words   |  8 PagesSustainable and Sustai nability are used to describe many different approaches for improving our life. Sustainability is about people and culture, our environment, jobs or countries. Could be defended as an ability or capacity of something to be maintained or to sustain itself. It s about taking what we need to live now. There is many departments of sustainability but the main are three environmental sustainability, economic sustainability and social sustainability. The term sustainability in a businessRead MoreSustainability : The Issue Of Sustainability1096 Words   |  5 PagesSustainability The issue of sustainability in today’s generation has developed as a result of a rapid and enormous population growth, growth in our world’s economy, and huge depletion of our natural resources. During the time of the Industrial Revolution our world population was around nine hundred million people. Since that time there has been an enormous growth in population, which in turn has placed a huge demand on our earth’s natural resources. By the year 2000 the earth’s population was sixRead MoreSustainability684 Words   |  3 Pagestoday’s global economy sustainability is very important; from the biological aspect to the industries they all play a role on the marine environment. As world population increases the demand of fish rises causing overfishing. Certain laws have been placed to limit the amount of wild fishing to reduce the risk of endangerment. To meet the demand of the population, fish farms are introduced. Pollution and health related issue s are part of the challenges of fish farming. Sustainability also affects socialRead MoreSustainability And Its Impact On Sustainability1169 Words   |  5 Pageswhat sustainability is? Sustainability could be defined as an ability or capacity of something to be maintained or to sustain itself. It’s about taking what we need to live now, without jeopardizing the potential for people in the future to meet their needs. If an activity is said to be sustainable, it should be able to continue forever. what sets it apart from simply â€Å"environmentalism† or â€Å"environmental protection† Sustainability, in contrast to the environmentalism, represents the idea that humanRead MoreSustainability And Development Of Sustainability1422 Words   |  6 PagesSustainability is the development to meet current needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs (WCED, 1987). Today, sustainability is being incorporated into business strategie s, as organisations begin to adopt a sustainability strategy. This strategy is involving organisational operations to be sustainable, such as reducing pollution, each organisation identifies sustainability slightly differently and it is reflected in their strategy which is designed andRead MoreImpact Of Globalization On Sustainability And Sustainability1295 Words   |  6 PagesSustainability is one of the most discussed subjects at the present time. With global warming, increase in the population, clean water deficiency and shortage of food, people more and more thinking about how to make their life more sustainable. But what is sustainability? According to United Nations, â€Å"sustainability means meeting our own needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own need.† To satisfy our needs we use natural resources as well as social and economicRead MoreSustainability And Its Impact On Sustainability Essay2015 Words   |  9 PagesSustainabili ty is a growing concern for many individuals and companies as resources are becoming increasingly limited, hazardous, and expensive. Over the last few years, more people have been informed about sustainable options, which have been easier to obtain and contribute to, as well as wanting to purchase more sustainable options from companies. Since the idea of sustainability is so broad, everyone can contribute in a way they feel is most beneficial. Whether individuals and companies are giving

Testing And De Grading Schools Authentic Alternatives...

Alex Guerrero July 4, 2015 EDDL 941 Book Review Bower, J., Thomas, P. L. (Eds.). (2013). De-testing and de-grading schools: Authentic alternatives to accountability and standardization. New York: Peter Lang Publishing Inc. Synopsis: I found De-testing and de-grading schools: Authentic alternatives to accountability and standardization by Bower and Thomas, an interesting read and consistent with the critiques of high stakes testing and assessment we’ve read about and watched in this class. It is a collection of essays from educators and stakeholders in the field. The book is broken up into distinct sections, the first focused on testing and the second on grading. A historical context regarding failures of testing and grading is also provided to give context to the current problems with high stakes assessment and grading. The main message presented in this book is that high stakes testing and assessments (grading) are not working and alternatives should be considered. Specifically, the law of No Child Left Behind is critiqued through out, especially in the first few chapters. Each essay in this book gives its own perspective along with their own arguments and case studies to demonstrate that high stakes testing and assessment are failing American kids. Some empirical evidence is used but it’s mainly arguments with specific examples from the field. This begins early on, literally in the introduction, when Kohn makes the argument that grades and tests predictShow MoreRelatedStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesIt’s Not Fair! 231 Case Incident 2 Bullying Bosses 231 8 Motivation: From Concepts to Applications 239 Motivating by Job Design: The Job Characteristics Model 240 The Job Characteristics Model 240 †¢ How Can Jobs Be Redesigned? 242 †¢ Alternative Work Arrangements 245 †¢ The Social and Physical Context of Work 249 Employee Involvement 250 Examples of Employee Involvement Programs 251 †¢ Linking Employee Involvement Programs and Motivation Theories 252 Using Rewards to Motivate Employees 252Read MoreMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words   |  702 Pagesseveral cases, and illustrate that certain successful and unsuccessful practices are not unique. Information Boxes and Issue Boxes are included in each chapter to highlight relevant concepts and issues, or related information, and we are even testing Profile Boxes. Learning insights help students see how certain practices—both errors and successes—cross company lines and are prone to be either traps for the unwary or success modes. Discussion Questions and Hands-On Exercises encourage and

After the Sirens Free Essays

As soon as the radio is switched on it is described as screaming and it startles the man. He also recognized the radio announcer’s voice but it this was the first time his voice did not sound upbeat and happy as it usually was during his morning show. The author also describes his voice as â€Å"Cracking with hysteria† (Hood, pg. We will write a custom essay sample on After the Sirens or any similar topic only for you Order Now 161) which clearly sets the mood in the story. The way his voice is described stresses the role that the announcer plays in this story. The radio announcer uses repetition right from the beginning of the story and creates suspense, when he repeats â€Å"This not an exercise†(Hood, pg. 160) three times. He also repeats â€Å"This is an air raid warning†(Hood, pg. 160) twice right after the radio is turned on. He continues with the count down right until ten seconds before the bomb hit. The radio announcer sets this man into action to save himself and his family. The man responds immediately by telling his wife not to ask questions and to dress her self and the baby in many layers of heavy clothing. While she is doing that he gathers up food, water, canned goods and two can openers. The radio announcer also helps the man to decide where they should take cover in the house because he reported the target and the man knew where the blast would be coming from. The radio announcer helped them survive. I was captured immediately by his voice and was taken on a journey of anticipation and suspense. How to cite After the Sirens, Essay examples

After the Sirens Free Essays

As soon as the radio is switched on it is described as screaming and it startles the man. He also recognized the radio announcer’s voice but it this was the first time his voice did not sound upbeat and happy as it usually was during his morning show. The author also describes his voice as â€Å"Cracking with hysteria† (Hood, pg. We will write a custom essay sample on After the Sirens or any similar topic only for you Order Now 161) which clearly sets the mood in the story. The way his voice is described stresses the role that the announcer plays in this story. The radio announcer uses repetition right from the beginning of the story and creates suspense, when he repeats â€Å"This not an exercise†(Hood, pg. 160) three times. He also repeats â€Å"This is an air raid warning†(Hood, pg. 160) twice right after the radio is turned on. He continues with the count down right until ten seconds before the bomb hit. The radio announcer sets this man into action to save himself and his family. The man responds immediately by telling his wife not to ask questions and to dress her self and the baby in many layers of heavy clothing. While she is doing that he gathers up food, water, canned goods and two can openers. The radio announcer also helps the man to decide where they should take cover in the house because he reported the target and the man knew where the blast would be coming from. The radio announcer helped them survive. I was captured immediately by his voice and was taken on a journey of anticipation and suspense. How to cite After the Sirens, Essay examples

Unit One- Introduction Into Communication in Health and Social Care Essay Example Essay Example

Unit One- Introduction Into Communication in Health and Social Care Essay Example Paper Unit One- Essay Introduction Into Communication in Health and Social Care Essay Introduction Q 6 : Give four examples of how you can you check a person has understood what you have communicated? To check by repeating whethet the person has understood. can Be checked the person is following the instruction what has given By responding if the person has understood what has said to him By showing reaction. Q 3 A: You will have to know how to recognise what is being communicated to you and be able to commmunicate with others without always having to use words. When carried out the previous activity you will have found out that there are many factors that told you what your patiant was trying to communicate it is not only the expression on people s faces that tells you about how they fell Q 2: Identify five ways communication can help you in your work and why? 1: Writing reports -I will write report about individuals so next shift staff can read and affect accordingly. By completing charts and records. I will mention in the care plan if any Changes have made in my shift which wil l help for all staff. Unit One- Essay Body Paragraphs Into Communication in Health and Social Care Essay Body Paragraphs I will communicate with my colleagues and pass all information regarding individuals. By recording and sharing appropriate information. 3 Explain why it is important to observe an individual s reactions (facial expressions,body language etc) when communicating with them? All communication has an effect on the person you are communicating with it is a two way process called an interaction, and it is important that you watch the effects so that any problems can be identified and dealt with. Any relationship comes about through communication in order to be effective in providing care and support, you must learn to be a good communicator. Buy communication is much more than talking to people. People communicate through A speaking,facial expression,body language, position,dress,gestures. 4: Indentify twelve barriers to effective communication? 1: Not listening 2 : Using jargon 3 : Using slang 4 : Physical barrier 5 : Attitudinal barrier 6 : Interpersonal communication 7 : Poor lighting 8 : Inappropriate temperture : Lack of basic communication skills 10 : Lack of knowledge Emotional interference Semantic communication Q 9 : How do you seek advice regarding confidentiality? You should seek advice on confidentiality when ever you are asked to disclose information (whether in writing or verbally) about an identifiable individual that. Includes information about both clients and colleagues. The only time it permissible to breach confidentiality is if you receive information. That an individual is considering actions that may bring harm to themselves or others. 0 : When would you ask for advice about confidentiality? The only time you seek advice when a child or adult has spoke to you in confidentiality is when that person is in danger for example. If being sexually abused. Physically abused. Threatening to kill them selves etc. If the person in care is not in any danger then what is spoken between carer and caregiver has to remain between them two. Q 8 : Give three exam ples of when confidential information may need to be passed on? 1 : To protect the best interests of the individual where they are risk at harm. : To protect an indiviuals health. 3 : To protect the health and safety. Q 7 : What does the term confidentiality mean? A : It means that whatever information you tell to a service will not be passed on and the person you see won’t tell anyone that you’ve been to see him or her without your permission . It gets more complicated if you want to talk to the service about something that he or she thinks may be harming you or someone else,like you’re being hurt by someone or someone is making you do something you don’t want to do . If that happens the service will talk to you and try to persuade you to get help. but if you don’t agree the service can get help without your permission if he or she thinks it’s best for you. This will only happen if the service is concerned about your safety. Q 6 : Give four examples of how you can you check a person has understood what you have communicated? To check by repeating whethet the person has understood. 2: can Be checked the person is following the instruction what has given. 3: By responding if the person has understood what has said to him. 4: By showing reaction. Q 3 : A: You will have to know how to recognise what is being communicated to you and be able to commmunicate with others without always having to use words. When carried out the previous activity you will have found out that there are many factors that told you what your patiant was trying to communicate it is not only the expression on people s faces that tells you about how they fell. Q 2: Identify five ways communication can help you in your work and why? 1: Writing reports -I will write report about individuals so next shift staff can read and affect accordingly. 2: By completing charts and records. : I will mention in the care plan if any Changes have made in my shift whic h will help for all staff. 4: I will communicate with my colleagues and pass all information regarding individuals. 5: By recording and sharing appropriate information. Q 3 : Explain why it is important to observe an individual s reactions (facial expressions,body language etc) when communicating with them? All communication has an effect on the person you are communicating with it is a two way process called an interaction, and it is important that you watch the effects so that any problems can be identified and dealt with. Any relationship comes about through communication in order to be effective in providing care and support,you must learn to be a good communicator. Buy communication is much=0D=0Amore than talking to people. People communicate through speaking,facial expression,body language, position,dress,gestures. Q 4: Indentify twelve barriers to effective communication? 1: Not listening 2 : Using jargon 3 : Using slang 4 : Physical barrier 5 : Attitudinal barrier 6 : Interp ersonal communication 7 : Poor lighting 8 : Inappropriate temperture : Lack of basic communication skills 10 : Lack of knowledge 11 : Emotional interference 12 : Semantic communication=0D=0A Q 2: Identify five ways communication can help you in your work and why? 1: Writing reports -I will write report about individuals so next shift staff can read and affect accordingly. 2: By completing charts and records. 3: I will mention in the care plan if any Changes have made in my shift which will help for all staff. 4: I will communicate with my colleagues and pass all information regarding individuals. : By recording and sharing appropriate information. =0D=0AQ 3 : Explain why it is important to observe an individual s reactions (facial expressions,body language etc) when communicating with them? All communication has an effect on the person you are communicating with it is a two way process called an interaction, and it is important that you watch the effects so that any problems can be identified and dealt with. Any relationship comes about through communication in order to be effective in providing care and support,you must learn to be a good communicator. Buy communication is much more than talking to people. People communicate through speaking,facial expression,body language, position,dress,gestures. Q 4: Indentify twelve barriers to effective communication? 1: Not listening 2 : Using jargon 3 : Using slang 4 : Physical barrier 5 : Attitudinal barrier 6 : Interpersonal communication 7 : Poor lighting 8 : Inappropriate temperture 9 : Lack of basic communication skills 10 : Lack of knowledge 11 : Emotional interference 12 : Semantic communication Q 9 : How do you seek advice regarding confidentiality? # You should seek advice on confidentiality when ever you are asked to disclose information (whether in writing or verbally) about an identifiable individual that. Includes information about both clients and colleagues. The only time it permissible to breach confide ntiality is if you receive information. That an individual is considering actions that may bring harm to themselves or others. Q 10 : When would you ask for advice about confidentiality? The only time you seek advice when a child or adult has spoke to you in confidentiality is when that person is in danger for example. If being sexually abused. Physically abused. Threatening to kill them selves etc. If the person in care is not in any danger then what is spoken between carer and caregiver has to remain between them two. Q 8 : Give three examples of when confidential information may need to be passed on? 1 : To protect the best interests of the individual where they are risk at harm. 2 : To protect an indiviuals health 3 : To protect the health and safety. Q 7 : What does the term confidentiality mean? It means that whatever information you tell to a service will not be passed on and the person you see won’t tell anyone that you’ve been to see him or her without your pe rmission . It gets more complicated if you want to talk to the service about something that he or she thinks may be harming you or someone else,like you’re being hurt by someone or someone is making you do something you don’t want to do . If that happens the service will talk to you and try to persuade you to get help. but if you don’t agree the service can get help without your permission if he or she thinks it’s best for you. This will only happen if the service is concerned about your safety. We will write a custom essay sample on Unit One- Introduction Into Communication in Health and Social Care Essay Example specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Unit One- Introduction Into Communication in Health and Social Care Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Unit One- Introduction Into Communication in Health and Social Care Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

Worksheet on Combinations and Permutations

Worksheet on Combinations and Permutations Permutations and combinations are two concepts that related to ideas in probability.   These two topics are very similar and are easy to get confused. In both cases we start with a set containing a a total of n elements.   Then we count r of these elements. The way in which we count these elements determines if we are working with a combination or with a permutation. Ordering and Arrangement The key things to remember when distinguishing between combinations and permutations has to do with order and arrangements.   Permutations deal with situations when the order that we choose the objects is important.   We can also think of this as being equivalent to the idea of arranging objects In combinations we are not concerned with what order we selected our objects. We only need this concept, and the formulas for combinations and permutations to solve problems dealing with this topic. Practice Problems To get good at something, it takes some practice.   Here are some practice problems with solutions to help you to straighten out the ideas of permutations and combinations. A version with answers is here.   After starting with just basic calculations, you can use what you know to determine if a combination or permutation is being referred to. Use the formula for permutations to calculate P( 5, 2 ).Use the formula for combinations to calculate  C( 5, 2 ).Use the formula for permutations to calculate  P( 6, 6 ).Use the formula for combinations to calculate  C( 6, 6 ).Use the formula for permutations to calculate  P( 100, 97 ).Use the formula for combinations to calculate  C( 100, 97 ).It’s election time at a high school that has a total of 50 students in the junior class. How many ways can a class president, class vice president, class treasurer,and class secretary be chosen if each student may only hold one office?The same class of 50 students wants to form a prom committee. How many ways can a four person prom committee be selected from the junior class?If we want to form a group of five students and we have 20 to choose from, how many ways is this possible?How many ways can we arrange four letters from the word â€Å"computer† if repetitions are not allowed, and different orders of the same letter s count as different arrangements?How many ways can we arrange four letters from the word â€Å"computer† if repetitions are not allowed, and different orders of the same letters count as the same arrangement? How many different four digit numbers are possible if we can choose any digits from 0 to 9 and all of the digits must be different?If we are given a box containing seven books, how many ways can we arrange three of them on a shelf?If we are given a box containing seven books, how many ways can we choose collections of three of them from the box?